tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8539399304144756822024-02-19T23:43:01.340-08:00Essay writing service cheapMajor Specific Scholarship Essay Topics 2016 For Which Collegesmadelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-35166180767763652582020-08-24T20:30:00.001-07:002020-08-24T20:30:06.615-07:00Developing an Evaluation Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsBuilding up an Evaluation Plan - Assignment Example The devices that will be utilized in the assessment procedure incorporate polls, overviews, appraisal tests, and weight scales. This paper targets investigating the techniques for assessing the task and their results. Meetings are the principle strategy for doing the assessment procedure. The meetings will be led eye to eye by the dietician and the physical exercise teacher. This is on the grounds that these people have the information on the venture and they can decipher the non-verbal correspondence of the members (Napoli, Shah, Waters, Sinacore, Qualls, and Villareal, 2014). On the off chance that these coaches need assistance they will select people who will assist them with conducting the execution and assessment of the outcomes. The eating routine and exercise coaches will likewise be engaged with the meetings since they know about the inquiries that will assist them with getting the ideal outcomes (Wadden, and Stunkard, 2004). The eye to eye meetings will help in deciding the mentalities and view of the staff and members who will participate in the undertaking. These mentalities and observations will at that point help to know whether these individuals are eager to stop or keep partaking in the program. The meetings are proficient in light of the fact that they help the examination to get boundless, very much clarified, and nitty gritty reactions. The other proficiency of meetings originates from the way that the questioners can peruse and decipher the non-verbal communication of the respondents (Kang, 2012). The second strategy for assessing the program is the utilization of polls. Polls are reports that contain questions that require composed reactions from the respondents. The surveys will be managed to the respondents every so often to discover how they will advance with the program. The reports will contain both shut and open-finished inquiries to take into consideration madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-18171501766135232322020-08-22T02:08:00.001-07:002020-08-22T02:08:03.231-07:00Lost Gen And Harlem :: essays research papersThe Artists of the Harlem Renaissance and the Lost Generation veered from the standard to start a different societies. Harlem was a territory in New York with a broad African American populace. During the ââ¬Ë20s artists, authors and performers like Langston Hughes, Claude Mckay and Zora Neale Hurston made the Harlem territory the focal point of dark craftsmanship and culture. The lost age was based for the most part in Paris, France. It comprised of war torn men who couldn't return society after World War I. In Europe almost sixty two percent of men had been murdered, caught or crippled in the Great War. Starvation and neediness tormented each country. The Lost Generation was really lost â⬠they felt rankled by the issues at home and many decide to forsake their pre-war land and qualities to move to another country and adjust another culture and ethics. The dark craftsmen of the post WWI period didn't comply with standard society or even ââ¬Å"regularâ⬠dark society. Rather they framed their own way of life aside the standard and the development was named the Harlem Renaissance. It was genuinely a meeting up of dark, and somewhat white, social figures. There was minimal outside impact on the Renaissance. Neither enormous industry, with their unlimited advancements to bait clients, nor the counter restriction, or speakeasy culture, that portrayed the thundering ââ¬Ë20s influenced the differing Harlem culture. Langston Hughes was an extremely unmistakable essayist during the Renaissance. He was an all around refined man who had headed out all over to spots, for example, the USSR, Haiti and Japan. Refered to as the writer Laureate of New York, his composing was a vehicle to communicate social and political dissent. His various utilization of Jazz and dark fables impacted many dark essayists of his time. He was additionally one of the first, alongside Claude Mckay, dark scholars to pull in a significant white crowd. Mckay was a Jamaican conceived artist and writer. He was pulled in to Harlem as a result of its colossal assorted variety of culture. He had been mistreated and bugged during the Red Scare, an across the nation chase for radicals, in light of his status as a liberal paper supervisor. His style of composing pulled in hordes of individuals never presented to dark culture. He ââ¬Å"used customary structures to communicate new ideasâ⬠. Zora Neale Hurston was the noticeable lady during the Harlem development. She was a lot of associated with dark legacy and southern culture. madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-84119485377645548072020-07-24T04:56:00.001-07:002020-07-24T04:56:02.795-07:00How to Write a Problem Statement for ResearchHow to Write a Problem Statement for Research Problem Statement for Research: Easy Writing Guide The first and the most vital step in any research is to determine and formulate the research problem. But many students find this task too difficult. This article is a quick guide to writing a problem statement for research proposal. A research problem can be described as the gap in a contemporary knowledge that has to be filled. The most typical sources of research problems are: Various research theories in the fields of knowledge Personal experience of researchers and their interests A reproduction of research studies that were conducted earlier What is the problem statement? A problem statement is the description of the currently existing issue that needs to be addressed. Statement of the problem for research paper provides the necessary context for the study and creates the questions which should be answered in the research process. A strong problem statement is just one sentence which is accompanied by several paragraphs that discuss the problem in detail. The paragraphs should provide persuasive arguments that prove why this problem is worth studying. What are the main components of the problem statement? Statements of problem usually have three elements: The problem itself, presented clearly with enough detail to understand its significance The method that should be used to solve the problem, often presented as a claim or a working thesis The statement of purpose and scope of the proposed project When writing a problem statement for research, you should take into account the following criteria: The problem statement should clearly determine what exactly is to be investigated. The problem statement may be a declarative sentence or a question. The statement of the problem should determine the variables of interests and the study should investigate the specific connections between the variables. When writing a problem statement for qualitative research, you should keep in mind that itâs not possible to state variables in some qualitative methodologies, and you should not do that. But you should explain the qualitative methodology and the parameters of the research methodology. The problem statement for research is important because it gives the context for the further research study and typically develops questions which the proposed study hopes to answer. How to Write a Problem Statement for Research Proposal The problem statement should involve some questions that your proposed research can answer. The significance of the problem should get considerable attention (although the importance of the issues is subjective and can vary in different researchers). The problem statement should determine what key variables can be measured in a relevant way. If writing a problem statement for a research paper, you can identify possible objections to conducting the research you should determine them and respond to them in your problem statement. Your statement of the problem should close with a question. The question could typically include two variables, a measurable connection, and some indication of population. The problem statement is followed by a literature review which is supposed to answer the question of the research problem statement. If the existing literature cannot provide the answer, there is a need to conduct a research to do it. There should be a close connection between the title of the proposal and the question from the problem statement. Identifying the research problem can be challenging but it is a very rewarding process. If you carefully select the research problem, it will provide a right direction for the entire research process and determine the work of the project. Defining your research problem is usually done in several steps: Choose a broad research topic that you are interested in To transform your topic into a manageable problem for further research, ask questions about your topic, such as âwhat/who/where/why/when/howâ Choose one narrow problem you managed to define and ask relevant questions that can help solve this problem Write a problem statement for a research that consists of several sentences which briefly describe the issues that should be investigated, determine the significance of the proposed question, and declare what you are going to do. Choose possible research design after consulting your supervisor Prepare your research proposal Need more advice on how to write a problem statement for research? You can follow these four steps as well. Begin with a general problem that identifies the need for a research Define the specific problem that you propose for a research Include introductory words that describe methodological approach which is relevant to the specific research proposal problem Identify the general population group of the study that you propose Writing a problem statement for any research requires the profound knowledge of the field of study and strong analytical and critical thinking skills. Besides, you should be an expert in academic English language and style. If you cannot write the problem statement for your research on your own, you may get professional help from the experienced writers from our paper writing service. They will provide you with a custom written problem statement that will be clear, concise, and perfect in style and format. madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-39050519090479333492020-05-22T05:51:00.001-07:002020-05-22T05:51:02.713-07:00Ljb Company Case - 1592 Words External Consultation to LJB Company EXTERNAL CONSULTATION TO LJB COMPANY Abstract A paper presented on the case study 2 review of LJB Company. The paper will address growing issues of Sarbanes-Oxley compliance, and business ethics in regards to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and adherence to current regulatory federal mandates. Paper presents tools for consideration for tomorrowââ¬â¢s leaders and gives a general overview of internal control strategies corporations take to limit legal responsibility in ethical/moral matters that include; matters of fraud mitigation, document retention, control activities, information/communication factors, monitoring, and assessing risk. This paper argues thatâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦* Recommendation: Establish an Audit Committee to have oversight of accounting department. Findings reflect a lack of establishment of responsibility; including essential assignment of individuals that concludes an individual being responsible for a task, and another maintaining physical custody. This also includes the responsibilit y including authorizations and approval for transactions (Kimmel, Weygandt amp; Keiso, 2009). * Recommendation: Allow safe to be placed under physical control of an individual and independent person is identified to conduct physical security reports on the safe. The safe should be placed somewhere in which two individuals are required to access and lock, and record is maintained of access to the safe and checked by supervisor. Segregation is essential to the system of internal controls. Although LJB Company is streamlined for maximum efficiency some recommendations for segregation would be required prior to going public. * Recommendation: Allow for related activities to be assigned to different individuals such as receiving checks and conducting bank reconciliation. Physical custodyShow MoreRelatedLjb Company Case Study 21517 Words à |à 7 Pages LJB COMPANY | Internal Control | REQUIREMENTS AND REVISIONS | Prepared To: LJB Companyââ¬â¢s President Prepared By: Yenny Gutierrez6/03/2013 | TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction New Internal Control Requirement 4 Establishment of responsibility 4 Segregation of duties 4 Documentation procedures 4 Physical controls 4 Independent internal verification 5 Human Resources controls 5 Reviewing LJB Internal Controls 5 Pre numbered invoices 5 Ink machineRead MoreLjb Company Essay943 Words à |à 4 PagesLJB Company: Internal Controls LJB Company: Internal Controls Contents Introduction 3 Internal Control Requirements 2 Strengths and Recommendations 2 Violations 3 Conclusion 4 Works Cited 4 Introduction LJB Company has asked the accounting firm to evaluate their system of internal controls because of the plan to go public in the near future. The president wants to be aware of any new regulations required of his company if they go public. The current system of internal controlsRead MoreEssay Acct 504 Case Study 21016 Words à |à 5 PagesAccounting 504 Case Study 2 Keller Graduate School of Management Prepared by: Samara Ellison Prepared for: Professor Hicks 3 April 2013 To: LJB Company President From: Samara Ellison, Accounting Firm Subject: Evaluation of LJB Companyââ¬â¢s Internal Control Structures Date: 3 April 2013 Hello LJB Company President: First, I would like to thank you for hiring my accounting firm to evaluate LJBââ¬â¢s internal controls system. This report will inform you of any new internal control requirementsRead MoreInternal Controls Relating to the Bjb Company Essay1130 Words à |à 5 PagesAll publicly trader companies in the USA are required to maintain and have an up to date system of internal controls. Since the LJB Company is wishing to become a public entity, I am glad to be able to assist in this action. First, the rules and regulations must be reviewed and compared to the company and how it can become public. To make the company attractive to buyers, investors, and other capital sources, it is crucial that the corporate organization and governance are well manifested. CorporateRead MoreEssay on Case Study 2 - Internal Control736 Words à |à 3 PagesCase Study Two Name Accounting and Finance 02Feb2011 Dear President of LJB Company, (1) If the LJB Company should decide to become a publicly traded company, a few internal controls should be implemented to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). * Management will need to provide periodic quarterly reports to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of LJBââ¬â¢s internal controls over financial reporting procedures. * Management should certify the accuracy and fairness of presentationRead MoreLjb Companys Internal Controls1608 Words à |à 7 PagesCase Study 2: LJB Companyââ¬â¢s Internal Controls Michael Del Toro FI504 - Accounting Abstract This paper shall focus on the criticalities involved in LJBââ¬â¢s transactions and how it may implement internal controls to the business processes while increasing the accountability of individuals involved in its ââ¬Ëlean business process.ââ¬â¢ With the advent of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and its repercussions to the manner in which businesses must prevent fraud (both external and internal) to not misrepresent anyRead MoreEssay Acct 504 - Case Study Ii - Internal Controll1504 Words à |à 7 PagesCase study II ââ¬â Internal control Managerial Accounting and Finance ââ¬â ACCT 504 Keller Graduate School of Management May 2013 Session Date of June 11, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Internal control rules and regulations requirements before going public 1 THE BAD ââ¬â Things that the company does poorly 2 Recommendations to the President 4 Conclusion 6 Bibliography 7 Case study II ââ¬â Internal control Introduction Internal control refers to methods, techniques and measuresRead MoreEssay on Internal Controls Case Study767 Words à |à 4 Pages I was asked to give my recommendations on LJB Companyââ¬â¢s internal control system before the company decides to go public in the future. Based on my review of the information that I have been given, the following are my recommendations for new internal controls: 1. Establishment of Responsibility 2. Segregation of Duties 3. Human Resources Control 4. Independent Internal Verification 5. Physical controls It is good to see that LJB recognizes the efforts of its long term employeesRead MoreAcct 504 Case Study 21024 Words à |à 5 PagesPrepared for: The President of LJB Company October 5, 2014 Table of contents Introduction: _______________________________________________________________3 New internal control requirements: ______________________________________________3 What the company is doing right: _______________________________________________4 What the company is doing wrong: ______________________________________________5 Conclusion: ________________________________________________________________5 Read MoreAcct504 Case Study 21971 Words à |à 8 PagesCase Study 2: Internal Control Table of Contents Introduction Part 1: Internal Control Requirements Part 2: What the Company is Doing Right Part 3: What the Company is Doing Wrong Conclusion Works Cited Introduction The LBJ Company is currently making a decision to go public or not and with that The LBJ Company will also need to become knowledgeable about their internal controls within their systems, specifically in regards to Accounting and also Human Resources and how it will affect madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-73616393336799465122020-05-07T09:57:00.001-07:002020-05-07T09:57:03.508-07:00Oedipus Essay - 568 Words Oedipus, from the play Oedipus the King, is a very unique character whose different aspects are revealed throughout the play. As he talks with characters such as Creon, Jocasta, and Tiresias, we get a well painted portrait of the aspects of Oedipusââ¬â¢ character. The ambitious aspect of Oedipusââ¬â¢ character is revealed through his conversations with the Leader and the Chorus. When the Leader steps up at the beginning of the play to offer suggestions, Oedipus gladly accepts; he asks no one to ââ¬Å"hold backâ⬠(323) and for everyone to just say whatever information they had on the killing of Laius. Oedipus is very open-minded to the Leaders suggestions. He promises the citizens of his town, the Chorus, that he will find the murderer of King Laius.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦When Creon asks Oedipus to listen to him, Oedipus refuses Creon and insults him in public. Even the arrogant King Oedipus can be kind and compassionate Oedipus is very kind and compassionate to Jocasta. He shows deep love and compassion towards her. When Jocasta asks something from Oedipus, ââ¬Å"she receives from [Oedipus] whatever she desiresâ⬠. (648). An example of this is when Jocasta requested him to stop arguing with Creon, Oedipus complied. While Jocasta is around, Oedipus seems to be another person; he is affectionate, instead of ââ¬Å"hauntingâ⬠as he normally is; even to Creon, he seemed to have calmed down and accepted some of Creonââ¬â¢s attempts at proving his innocence. Oedipus is not as kind as he is to Jocasta to everyone, especially towards Tiresias. Oedipus may be a foul mouthed character, but Tiresias is just as absurd. Oedipusââ¬â¢ short temper and stubbornness is exploited when he talks to Tiresias. Another trait that is revealed is impatience. When Oedipus insulted Tiresias in public, questioned his power to foresee, and accused him of lying to his fellow citizens, he replied back promptly and accused Oedipus of ââ¬Å"scourging his own flesh and bloodâ⬠(474), and said he will be ââ¬Å"rooted from the earth brutally.â⬠(489). Oedipus does not take this in well and kicks Tiresias out of his castle. Even though Tiresias wasnââ¬â¢t trying to accuse Oedipus of murder, Oedipus insultedSho w MoreRelatedThe Oedipus Complex ( Oedipus )1666 Words à |à 7 Pagesmother and her son. Sigmund Freud himself came up with the Oedipus complex, which is when a boy has an attachment to the mother, which in turns results in aggressive and envious feelings toward the father and these feelings are largely repressed. The Oedipus complex comes from Sophoclesââ¬â¢ Oedipus Tyrannus but has largely been associated with Hamlet as well, since he and his mother Gertrude, have an extremely complicated relationship (Oedipus Complex). Hamlet is the predecessor of modern psychologicalRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Oedipus Oedipus Rex 928 Words à |à 4 Pagesbetween Oedipusââ¬â¢ irrevocable circumstances as well as his flawed character that makes Sophoclesââ¬â¢ ââ¬Å"Oedipus Rexâ⬠a quintessential example of Greek drama. His circumstances, which are set by the Gods, are profound and beyond anyoneââ¬â¢s control; either he must be killed or there will be great consequences. His parentââ¬â¢s rejection of the oracle set by the gods, the degrees of separation from his origin, and his flawed sense of pride is the complexity of the plot as well as what makes Oedipus the complexRead MoreOedipus The King Of Oedipus868 Words à |à 4 Pageschallenge that waits upon one. Confidence overpowers cockiness. The cocky trait is heavily represented in the story ââ¬Å"Oedipus the Kingâ⬠(c. 430 B.C.) by Sophocles. In the story, Oedipus the king of Thebes has the cocky trait and it results in torture for life. Oedipusââ¬â¢s arrogant personality shows throughout the story as he tries to find the killer of the former king of Thebes, his father. Oedipus tends to deem himself as a god throughout the story which plays a big role in interaction with people around himRead MoreOedipus The King Of Oedipus1019 Words à |à 5 Pageswhat makes Oedipus actions in his quarrel with Teiresias and also throughout the play so dramatically compelling, is the fact that the audience knows the outcome of the story. We know Oedipus fate even before he does, and there is no suspen se about the outcome itself, instead, the audience anxiously awaits Oedipus to reveal his fate unto himself in his desperate quest to rid his city of the terrible plague, or maybe even more so, to simply discover his own unfortunate tale. Oedipus is relentlessRead MoreOedipus The King : Oedipus1328 Words à |à 6 PagesOedipus the King Oedipus had a lot of different character traits both good and bad. He had a good conscience; he cared deeply for the people in his life and protected them. He was very empathetic, smart and a dependable man who lived his life with great integrity. He was an honest man with strong moral principles and lived a righteous life. He found it difficult to live anything less than a righteous life; when he realized what had become of his life, his guilty conscience consumed him. He was filledRead MoreOedipus By William Shakespeare s Oedipus1096 Words à |à 5 PagesThebes is that they have a plague. Oedipus wants to discover the murderer of Laius in order to end the suffering of his people. 2. (Question 2) Oedipus is a man of action, but he is also a man of temper. Oedipus bullies Tiresias into answering him. It is at this point that Tiresias reveals that Oedipus has killed the previous king, Laius. A pattern emerges regarding Oedipus behavior. He has a temper, but is also used to having his way. At one point Oedipus becomes extremely angry and accusesRead More The Character of Oedipus in Oedipus and The Infernal Machine893 Words à |à 4 Pages The Character of Oedipus in Oedipus and The Infernal Machine à à The stories of Oedipus, as told through Senecas Oedipus and Cocteaus The Infernal Machine, contain both similarites and differences. Both authors portray the character of Oedipus as being obstinate, ignorant, and inquisitive. Yet Seneca and Cocteau differ on their interpretation of the motives that propelled these characteristics of Oedipus. Seneca portrays Oedipus as a mature man who, in seeing the troubles of the plague thatRead More tragoed Oedipus as the Ideal Tragic Hero of Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex)1217 Words à |à 5 PagesOedipus as the Ideal Tragic Hero of Oedipus the King In the introduction to Sophocles Oedipus the King, Sophocles defines a tragic hero as one who [behaves] admirably as a man, [but who] is nevertheless tripped up by forces beyond his control and understanding... (Sophocles 76).à In Oedipus the King, Oedipus is the tragic hero. The force that trips up the hero is fate, or, moira. It is Oedipuss actions that set the events into motion,à but it is ultimately his fate, and his attemptedRead MoreThe Characterization Of Oedipus Oedipus Rex 1303 Words à |à 6 PagesIn Sophocles tragic play, Oedipus Rex, there is often feedback when discussing the characterization of Oedipus. Key issues in this play are pointed towards in realm of a tragedy, because Oedipus suffers a few character flaws such as anger, pride and arrogance. Within those flaws, he fails to reflect upon his actions; causing blindness and later, result his honor to be under minded and seen at the forefront of Thebes. What makes this play more on the fringe than other tragic plays are Oedipusââ¬â¢sRead MoreOedipus Essay767 Words à |à 4 PagesSophocles Oedipus the King is a tragic play which discusses the tragic discovery of Oedipus that he has killed his father and married his mother. The story of Oedipus was well known to the athenian s. Oedipus is the embodiement of the perfect Athenian. He is self-confident, intelligent, and strong willed. Ironically these are the very traits which bring about his tragic discovery. Oedipus gained the rule of Thebes by answering the riddle of Sphinx. Sophocles used the riddle of the sphinx madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-77710800755439550522020-05-06T09:24:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:24:43.126-07:00What is our future going to be like if we continue Free Essays As technology advances to enhance our lives, we begin to take no heed of the environment surrounding us. There are approximately 7 billion people In the world, and due to the vast population, our resources are dramatically being depleted. Another reason why resources are being wasted Is that people donââ¬â¢t know how to be echo-efficient due to lack of exposure to Information/awareness. We will write a custom essay sample on What is our future going to be like if we continue or any similar topic only for you Order Now It Is also cheaper to perform activities without the concern of harming the environment. For example, most petrol cars are cheaper than electric cars. Lastly, some things work better and are efficient (despite harming [depleting the environment) than echo-friendly reduces. If we ruthlessly persist to waste resources, we will face a tremendous number of problems In the future. When resources begin to run out, prices get higher as the demand increase. This eventually leads to the ultimate annihilation of the resources, thus making the human survival to gradually decrease. We then must have to look for another source to depend until we totally wipe out its presence. This cycle will continue until we have n resources left, thus leaving us vulnerable and a possibility of experiencing slow extinction, as a human race. We should first look onto ourselves and start individually by adjusting our lifestyles to as much ââ¬Å"environmental-efficiency as we can. Simple ways include recycling, turning off lights when not in use, buying echo-friendly products, and much more. Once youââ¬â¢ve felt that youââ¬â¢ve done enough to be ââ¬Å"greenâ⬠, begin to spread your concerns and knowledge with other to show your efforts of conserving the Earthââ¬â¢s resources. Begin a club or join an organization and help your community (planting gardens or simply picking up garbage). If everyone can make a small act of kindness, everyoneââ¬â¢s efforts can make a huge difference! How to cite What is our future going to be like if we continue, Papers madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-26127342487193047332020-04-27T12:53:00.001-07:002020-04-27T12:53:04.297-07:00Nature of state sovereignty in the post Most scholars dealing with issues emanating from International Relations have indeed found the subject of state sovereignty to be of immense significance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nature of state sovereignty in the post-Cold War era specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, the debate surrounding the concept of sovereignty has had far reaching effects on global politics. Moreover, the geo-political system has also benefited a lot in terms of ideas generated from the sovereignty discourse. Some of the landmark and remarkable historical occurrences that have fuelled the sovereignty debate include the rapid pace of globalization and termination of the Cold War era. This kind of alteration was also proportional to the transformation of global society that was witnessed during the Cold War era. Although some International Relations experts argue that this phenomenon has worsened the state of international a ffairs, it is vital to reiterate that all the changes that took place after the Cold War era have been beneficial to the global society. Besides, the traditional understanding of conventional practices on the state sovereignty was significantly affected. It is definite that a positive change has been realized with the alterations meted on the state of sovereignty since the culmination of the Cold War era. This essay will deduce that during the post-Cold War era, the state of sovereignty was greatly altered by key payers in world politicsAdvertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In order to offer an in-depth analysis of this topic; this essay has been subdivided into four sections. To begin with, a discussion will be carried out on the impact of the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and how it played a significant role of reshaping the state of sovereignty especially after the end of th e Cold War. In other words, the fundamental application of the concept of sovereignty was embraced some centuries back and it is still being used in modern geo-political systems (Jackson 2007, p.367). In addition, the impacts of terminating the Cold War in regards to geo-political set up of key players in world politics will be analysed. This area focuses on the emergence of weak or failed states across the world. The failed or weak states are known to have worsened the state of world peace due to the system of unipolarism that was invented by the United States. The latter also led to conflicts both internally and beyond the territorial borders. Moreover, it will be imperative to note that lack of international order and peaceful co-existence was also instrumental towards setting up of the United Nations Organisation to oversee international peace. The world was indeed experiencing a fast-changing geo-political landscape. Bushââ¬â¢s main attempt was to create a unipolar system th at would control the whole world with much ease. Nonetheless, there were notable adverse effects occasioned by the aftermath of the Cold war. For example, there were various failed and weak states such as in Southern Asia, Middle East, the Balkan region and some parts of Africa (Fukuyama 2006, p. 2). Moreover, other regions such as Kosovo, Bosnia and USSR were deeply absorbed with either intra-state or inter-state conflicts. In the case of USSR and other states that were being led under communist ideals, much of the violence had already been suppressed towards the end of the Cold War.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nature of state sovereignty in the post-Cold War era specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The need to intervene for the sake of providing human needs also grew up at a very high rate especially after the end of the Cold War era. As a consequence, the state sovereignty was impacted greatly. It is also wor thy to bear in mind that it marked the period when realist ideas were quickly penetrating the geo-political systems in most states. However, this notion did not last for too long since the increasing movements mounted by global societies demanded for moral standing to be adopted in the management of world affairs. Needless to say, a typical example of such drastic changes was witnessed way back in 1999 when NATO intervened in the affairs of Kosovo. NATO played a very significant role in this country. The Extraordinary meeting that was held in April 1999 lead to the issuance of a statement regarding the Kosovo conflict. As a result, NATO took over the pacification of Kosovo in order to restore peace and order. Furthermore, state sovereignty has been affected by the impacts of globalisation especially with reference to the end of Cold War period. It is imperative to note that when the Polycentric system of governance was preferred to Statist one, globalisation of international politic al affairs was given a major boost. It is interesting that the actual understanding of the state sovereignty did not change remarkably even after the culmination of the Cold War era. The state of sovereignty was coined back in the16th century and it remained as a formidable concept throughout the Cold War period in spite of several attempts to alter its meaning and significance.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In any case, most of the international pacts and treaties between states only supported the ideals of state sovereignty. For instance, the 1648 Peace of Westphalia that had been invented by Munsterand Osnabruck added value to the conventional ideals, notions and fundamental rules of state sovereignty. These treaties have withstood the test of time even in the contemporary world politics. According to Wang (2004), the state of sovereignty still entails ââ¬Å"absolute supremacy over internal affairsâ⬠¦absolute right to governâ⬠¦people and freedom from any external interferenceâ⬠¦.â⬠(p. 473). Therefore, the latter statement implies that no other internal or external authorities may supersede the fundamental principles of state sovereignty. Besides, states that have been declared sovereign are legally mandated to run their internal affairs without any undue interference from second or third parties. For example, it is vital to mention that even in the contemporary pol itical structures of sovereign states, the liberty to exercise internal self control (such as on matters regarding security and law enforcement) is fully guaranteed. Brown (2002, p.64) elucidates that such provisions are recognised internationally and therefore, interventions are not permitted by other states. Nevertheless, it would also be sensible to consider any latent changes that have occurred in the sovereign state since the closure of the Cold War even if those changes did not leave landmark changes to worldââ¬â¢s geo-political systems. There are scholars who posit that since the United Nations Charter broadly embraces and codifies the components of the Peace of Westphalia treaty, it would be erroneous to assume that the sovereign state has not experienced any changes. The United Nations Charter that has embodied the aforementioned treaty notes that all of its members will be treated equally on binding matters of international affairs. However, it is worth to mention that the Peace of Westphalia treaties did not contravene the fundamental provisions of the state of sovereignty since the differences that have been noted before are largely contributed by myriads of definitions of the term ââ¬Ëstate of sovereignty (Hehir 2008, p.87). At this point, it would be perhaps instrumental to explore the application of the term ââ¬Ësovereigntyââ¬â¢. According to Stephen Krasner, this terminology can be made use of in three unique ways. On the one hand, the effectiveness and structural composition of public governance constitute domestic sovereignty. On the other hand, when the state is in a position to observe and control its borders in terms of the exchange of goods and people, such kind of liberty is referred to as interdependence sovereignty. Ultimately, if other states can recognise the existence and power of a state to execute its will and also remain sovereign without external influence, it is referred to as international legal sovereignty. After the end of the Cold War era, another grand vision dubbed the ââ¬Å"New World Orderâ⬠was crafted by George Bush who was the then President of the United States of America. It is worth to assert that at this time, the United States was the only superpower after the collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR) in 1989. The attempt by the United Nations Security Council to enhance law and order in weak and failed states was indeed a stark contrast to what used to happen before or eve during the Cold War era. Most states had originally preferred resolving their wrangles using internal mechanisms without involving external players. However, this kind of state sovereignty had to be overstepped at some point after the Cold War era since the Realist stance adopted by some of the states would not have stabilized international peace. Moreover, there was need for some form of international watchdog to oversee the increasing state of lawlessness accompanied by crimes against humanity. In general, there was increasing enthusiasm to safeguard and champion all forms of human rights. This was to be achieved by embracing a common approach towards the moral governance of the global geo-political system. This approach was arguably never going to be easy because some states were very rigid in terms of governance policies. It was against this backdrop of rigidity that Boutros Boutros-Ghali (the then UN Secretary General) warned that exclusive sovereignty among states would no long work since its time had passed long ago. In other terms, the demands of the global political systems had presented hard reality that demanded humanitarian intervention at some point (Weiss 2011, p.105). When the United Nations Security Council became operational, it was possible for it to achieve its major goals and objectives bearing in mind that the end of the Cold War provided a favorable political environment for the UN security organ because states were no longer fighting for technological, economic or military superiority. In addition, the Council was determined to remain rational and partial in decision making without inclining towards certain ideologies that were being propagated by different states. The Councilââ¬â¢s remit was evident when it mandated about forty missions to maintain peace in war-torn areas during the early 19990s (The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, 2001). The post Cold War era also witnessed the emergence of the need to safeguard the basic rights of citizens who belonged in other sovereign states. This responsibility was largely left on the docket of host countries. Consequently, myriads of human rights rhetoric sprang up with increased demand for fairness among individuals from diverse nationalities. Although the state was left to guard against human rights from being abused, the post Cold War era has interestingly experienced unprecedented growth of civil society groups across the globe. These groups have indeed taken ov er more proactive roles than the state in championing for human rights. Besides, the ideals behind Cosmopolitanism have inspired the global society movements in the sense that the former believes in giving priority to shared common morality and equality among citizens and non-citizens. The realist ideology on the sovereign state was further hampered by the rapid growth of the global civil societies that fought for better methods of engagement when addressing human rights. Moreover, in cases where lack of humanitarian intervention were prevalent among weak states, the human rights civil societies took very firm positions that overrode those of the state. The human rights discourse that took a normative approach depicted that human rights could easily be violated in cases where there were no interventions by the state or political systems that preferred a realist approach. It is also apparent that the normative discourse must have achieved far reaching goals as evident among authors l ike Thomas Weiss. Most of the arguments presented by civil society groups during the post Cold War era were quite categorical that independence, population, authority and territory were the four major contentious areas of state sovereignty that needed to be followed strictly in protecting human rights. In response, the United Nations came up with new resolutions that would adequately standardize and justify the globally accepted humanitarian interventions. The Security Council has an express mandate of taking stern action against any country that may fail to protect its people (Weiss 2011, p.105). After the Cold War era, there are several changes that have been witnessed on how wars are fought among states with territorial borders as well as sovereign states that may be harboring terror groups such as Al Qaeda. Before the post Cold War era, terror groups were found within given states where they could launch internal attacks. A case example is the Irish Republican Army. However, the modern terror gangs are composed of individuals drawn across the world. There are some International Relations scholars who posit that materialism and western liberal ideals are to blame on the rising cases of terrorism since some cultures feel threatened and therefore opt for violence as the best solution (Kiras 2011, p.370). Although all international interventions by the United Nations have to be based on specific resolutions of the Security Council, it is imperative to mention that the sovereignty of a state may be interfered with by an international community since morality is given higher priority than sovereignty of a state. This scenario was witnessed when the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) intervened in Kosovo. Furthermore, any other international law can also be superseded by the fundamentals of morality. It is definite that the international legal sovereignty and the Westphalian treaties have been vastly degraded or altered with the involvement of the internat ional community. Globalisation rapidly took shape during the post Cold War era since global governance ended up adopting a polycentric system in preference to a statist system. Aspects such as terrorism, business and finance also took a global approach. As a consequence, the Westphalian sovereignty and domestic sovereignty were greatly weakened. In 1999, the then UN Secretary General Kofi Annan observed that international cooperation and forces of globalization were keenly redefining the state of sovereignty among states across the world (United Nations 1999, p. 37). Such a move indicated that the global political arena would be vastly affected due the adoption of the pluralistic position in addressing human rights (Willetts 2011, p.45). Actors such as Green Peace, Amnesty International, European Union, United Nations and Microsoft were interfering with some decision making processes and political thinking in different states. The fiscal and credit policy as well as adequate control of money has been lost by many states due to the effects of transnatiolization coupled with the impacts of globalization (Brown 2002, p.121). In addition, some states are currently finding it cumbersome to harness capital flow within their borders because the financial system has been significantly globalised. The Euro-zone debt crisis is one of the typical and latest case examples of how a globalised financial state of economy can impact state of sovereignty. When the Republic of Ireland and Greece were compelled by the European Union to execute austerity measures that were fiscally severe, the impacts were financially devastating. The economies of the affected sovereign states were eventually managed by the European Union. Hence, the action fully ignored the electorates and their leaders. This action contradicted the fundamental ideals of Westphalian, international, and domestic sovereignty (Scholte 2005, p. 123). To recap it all, it is vital to reiterate that this paper has expl ored how the state of sovereignty has transformed since the end of the Cold War period. The paper has also offered an incisive look at whether the above discussed alterations were negative or positive. After discussing the pre-Cold War era when the Westphalian sovereignty was adopted and also the consequent changes during the Post Cold War era (such as the upsurge of human rights and globalisation), it can be concluded that the state of sovereignty has undergone positive changes that are beneficial to human society. References Brown, C 2002, Sovereignty, Rights and Justice: International political theory today, Polity Press, Cambridge. Fukuyama, F 2006, Nation-Building: Beyond Afghanistan and Iraq, The John Hopkins University Press, Maryland. Hehir, A 2008, Humanitarian Intervention after Kosovo: Iraq, Darfur and the record of Global Civil Society, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire. Jackson, R 2007, Sovereignty: Evolution of an idea. Polity Press, Cambridge. Kiras, J 2011, Globalization of World Politics: An introduction to international relations, Oxford University Press, New York. Scholte, A J 2005, Globalization a critical introduction (2nd ed.), Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) 2001, The Responsibility to Protect: The Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, IDRC Books, Ottawa. United Nations 1999, The Question of Intervention: Statements by the Secretary General, United Nations, New York. Wang, G 2004, ââ¬Å"The impact of Globalization on State Sovereigntyâ⬠. Chinese Journal of International Law. Vol. 3 no. 2, pp. 473-484. Weiss, T 2011, Thinking about global governance: why people and ideas matter, Routledge, Oxon. Willetts, P 2011, Globalization of World Politics: An introduction to international relations, Oxford University Press, New York. This essay on Nature of state sovereignty in the post-Cold War era was written and submitted by user Samuel Heath to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-88811618264249581832020-03-19T11:43:00.001-07:002020-03-19T11:43:03.161-07:008 Bad Habits Bosses Hate the Most8 Bad Habits Bosses Hate the Most Itââ¬â¢s easy to get into bad patterns. But the good news is, itââ¬â¢s possible to break out of them! Whether youââ¬â¢re new to the workforce or you just want to make sure youââ¬â¢ve got your ducks in a row, it never hurts to think through the habits bosses find most annoying or repellent and make sure youââ¬â¢re not guilty of any of these professional faux pas. 1. Too Much/Too Little InitiativeItââ¬â¢s important to show initiative. You should never be sitting around at your desk idly waiting for someone to tell you what to do. Show you love your job by finding productive and helpful things to do! But, on the other hand, donââ¬â¢t overdue it. Thereââ¬â¢s going the extra mile and then thereââ¬â¢s going overboard. Aim for enthusiastic and thorough, not inefficient and excessive.2. Making ExcusesFirst of all, try not to do anything that would require an excuse in the first place. Get your work done. Get to work on time. And if you canââ¬â¢t get there in the time you have, donââ¬â¢t try to pawn off the responsibility. Just fix it. Stay honest and take responsibility for your part in everything. Okay, so maybe you did have a flat tire. Resist the temptation to embellish or to elicit sympathy. Just get back to work.3. WhiningThis includes moaning, moping, and complaining. In todayââ¬â¢s economic climate, youââ¬â¢re lucky to have a job. Everybody hates staying late and having to sacrifice family time for work functions- even your boss. Youââ¬â¢re all in it together. So save the grumbling and try to find ways to make it work instead.4. Asking Too Many QuestionsItââ¬â¢s okay- good even- to ask questions when you need something clarified. Itââ¬â¢s another thing entirely to ask redundant questions, or questions you could have found answers to on your own. If you canââ¬â¢t keep up intellectually, your boss will notice. Donââ¬â¢t hassle your boss or waste her time.5. Sloppy EmailsJust because some of your coworkers are e xtremely casual in their emailing habits doesnââ¬â¢t mean you should be too. Make sure to use complete sentences and to proofread. And for the love of all things holy, donââ¬â¢t reply all every time. Save that move for when itââ¬â¢s absolutely necessary.6. Taking AdvantageYour boss gives you a little leeway about clock-in times or coffee breaks- donââ¬â¢t take advantage of this and abuse the privilege. Your boss is super informal- donââ¬â¢t take advantage of this and become disrespectful. If your boss gives you an inch, be grateful. Donââ¬â¢t try to squeak out a foot, or worse, a mile.7. NegativityEspecially if your negativity means you badmouth the company- a fireable offense! But the same goes for being super rigid about what your job parameters are. Or being the one whoââ¬â¢s always contrary and always saying no and shooting down othersââ¬â¢ ideas.8. PolitickingTry not to get caught up in the politics and drama of office controversies. And definitely absta in from gossip. Nobody likes a coworker who is constantly pushing for better position and maneuvering behind their colleaguesââ¬â¢ backs. madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-43758092763456219872020-03-03T03:29:00.001-08:002020-03-03T03:29:02.291-08:00The Significance of Fish in Chinese LanguageThe Significance of Fish in Chinese Language Learning the word for fish in Chinese can be a highly useful skill. From ordering seafood at a restaurant to understanding why there are so many fish themed decorations during Chinese New Years, knowing how to say fish in Chinese is both practical and an insight into cultural values. Deconstructing the Chinese word for fish includes learning about pronunciation and its evolution from pictograph to a simplified character. The Chinese Character for Fishà The Chinese character forà fish,à written in the traditional form, is é Å¡.à The simplified form isà é ± ¼. Regardless of what form it is written in, the word for fish in Chinese is pronounced like you. Compared to English, the Chinese yà º has a shorter, more relaxed ending, dropping the exaggerated w sound that rounds out the big, full vowel in you. Evolution of the Chinese Character for Fish The traditional form of the Chinese character for fish evolved from an ancient pictograph. In its earliest form,à the word for fish clearly showed the fins, eyes, and scales of a fish. The current traditional form incorporates the four strokes of the fire radical, which looks like this (ç ¬).Perhaps this addition suggests that fish is most useful to human beings when it is cooked.à Radical This character is also a traditional radical, meaning that the primary graphical component of the character is used as a building block in other, more complex Chinese characters. Radicals, also sometimes called classifiers, ultimately become a shared graphical component for several characters. Thus, the Chinese dictionary is often organized by radical. Many complex characters share the radical that derives from fish. Surprisingly, a lot of them are not related to fish or seafood at all. Here are some of the most common examples of Chinese characters with a fish radical. Traditional Characters Simplified Characters Pinyin English å⦠«Ã¥ ¸ ¶Ã© Å¡ å⦠«Ã¥ ¸ ¦Ã© ± ¼ bà di yà º octopus é ®âé Å¡ é ² é ± ¼ bo yà º abalone æ â¢Ã© Å¡ æ â¢Ã© ± ¼ bÃâ yà º to catch fish çââé ·Ã© Å¡ çââé ± ¿Ã© ± ¼ chÃŽo yà ³u yà º to be fired é⡠£Ã© Å¡ éââé ± ¼ dio yà º to go fishing é ± ·Ã© Å¡ é ³âé ± ¼ à ¨ yà º alligator; crocodile é ® é Å¡ é ® é ± ¼ guà « yà º salmon éâ¡âé Å¡ éâ¡âé ± ¼ jà «n yà º goldfish é ¯ ¨Ã© Å¡ é ² ¸Ã© ± ¼ jà «ng yà º whale é ¯Å é Å¡ é ² ¨Ã© ± ¼ shà yà º shark é Å¡Ã¥ ¤ « é ± ¼Ã¥ ¤ « yà º fÃ
« fisherman é šç « ¿ é ± ¼Ã§ « ¿ yà º gà n fishing rod é šç ¶ ² é ± ¼Ã§ ½â yà º wÃŽng fishing net é ¦ é ¦ shà shark family(including rays and skates) é ¨ é ¨ tà ºn leatherfish é ®Å¡ é ²â jià © oyster é ®Å¾ é ²â¢ à ©r caviar; roe/fish eggs é ¯ é ² gÃâºng blunt; fish bones; unyielding é ¯â" é ² qà «ng mackerel; mullet é ¯ ¨ é ² ¸ jà «ng whale é ±Å¸ é ²Å½ hà ²u king crab Cultural Importance of Fish in China The pronunciation of fish in Chinese, yà º,à is a homophone for ââ¬Å"affluenceâ⬠or ââ¬Å"abundance. This phonetic similarity has led to fish becoming a symbol ofà abundance and prosperity in Chinese culture. As such, fish are a common symbol in Chinese art and literature, and they are particularly important in Chinese mythology.à For instance, Asian carp (as they are known in the U.S.), are the subject of many Chinese lyrics and stories. The character for this creature is é ² ¤ é ± ¼, pronounced là yà º. Pictures and depictions of fish are also a common decoration for Chinese New Year. Fish in Chinese Mythology One of the most interesting Chinese myths about fish is the idea that a carp that climbs the waterfall on the Yellow River (known as the Dragon Gate) transforms into a dragon. The dragon is another important symbol in Chinese culture. In reality, each spring, carp gather in great numbers in the pool at the base of the waterfall, but very few actually make the climb. It has become a common saying in China that a student facing examinations is like a carp attempting to leap the Dragon Gate. The dragon/carp relationship is referenced in popular culture in other countries through the Pokà ©mon Magikarp and Gyarados. madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-85745510936052313542020-02-15T18:53:00.001-08:002020-02-15T18:53:02.897-08:00Analyze the role of a manager within the functional areas of business EssayAnalyze the role of a manager within the functional areas of business - Essay Example The essay critically analyzes the role of a manager within the functional area of business with regards to the University of Phoenix MBA Overview Module. Managers use the marketing role to identify the type of products and services they can offer their clients. The marketing role also allows managers to advertise their supplies to customers and ensure they meet the needs of their customers(Phoenix, n.d). Through marketing, managers learn how to create a good image for their business. Businesses that have consensus right from upper management to the other managerial positions have high chances of benefiting from the marketing role of a manager. But, managers should also have adequate knowledge about the various tools to use to get an edge over their competitors. Use of the best marketing tools such as SWOT analysis and marketing mix enables the manager convince the customers to purchase the products offered. Managers can use the SWOT analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, external opportunities and threats likely to affect the business(Phoenix, n.d). Also, successful managers take advantage of existing market inefficiencies to develop a unique selling point. For managers to be successful in their marketing role, they have to understand the different factors that can affect the success of their marketing campaign. The management role of managers involves coordinating and overseeing the work done by employees. Managers regularly check on the activities done in different departments to ensure they are in line with the goals of the organization. Managers must also have the unique capabilities to use employees effectively in order to achieve business success. They need to take time to interpret basic organizational values to the employees and create an effective work environment(Phoenix, n.d). Also, they must provide the necessary resources and madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-69030310620581842382020-02-02T11:47:00.001-08:002020-02-02T11:47:04.188-08:00Movie reivew Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsMovie reivew - Essay Example This paper will analyze the episode that is titled Secrets of the Koran which is a part of the show that called Decoding the Past. To begin with, it would be quite important to provide an accurate account of the major themes of the Quran as they were presented in the episode. The first one that was mentioned in the chronological order is the desire to achieve the social justice. Indeed, at the present moment the people who actually comprise the intended audience of this show consider Islam to be a religion that almost enshrined the social inequality as well as oppression of women. However, the episode suggests that from the very beginning Islam was aimed at the groups of people who dominated the society and did not allow it to develop in the proper manner. In addition to that, a considerable number of scholars would prove that one of the highest virtues of Islam is closely connected to social justice (Gorder 20). Another interesting theme that was emphasized in the video is the war and violence in the Quran. The producers claim that a certain part of this sacred book is largely dedicated to fighting. Indeed, there are some verses which are called sword verses that clearly dictate a true Muslim how they should treat an enemy: fearlessly and fiercely in fight and mercifully after it (Smith and Furnish 77). In spite of that, the above mentioned verses are often recited without any context and they are thought to be aimed at the rest of humanity. The authors of the video suggest that this can be easily explained by the historical context in which the book was written: the newly founded city of the early Muslims was under attack of a powerful enemy and the conflict was primarily triggered by the differences in faith. The next theme of the Quran that was reviewed in the movie is the theological foundation of this religion, madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-51517903016111604102020-01-25T08:11:00.001-08:002020-01-25T08:11:02.810-08:00Death in Beowulf, Henry IV, and Paradise Lost :: BeowulfDeath in Beowulf, Henry IV, and Paradise Lost Characters in Death view their lives in retrospect and, very often, for these characters hindsight is twenty twenty. This statement holds true for any incidence of retrospect, however. When an event has passed you take yourself out of that situation emotionally and therefore lose the emotion-controlling factor which can cloud one's perspective. Assuming an after-life does exist, one may argue that the perspective you get on your life is clear because you are no longer concerned with your human emotions. This also assumes that personal enlightenment is the issue, and no divine enlightenment intervenes. Chaucer's Palinode to Troilus and Criseyde does depict Troilus as being instilled with divine enlightenment, however, and one wonders if Troilus's epiphany manifests due to divine intervention, or merely because he is now emotionally separated from his situation. In Beowulf, the protagonist represents the perfect hero. Beowulf does everything in his power to uphold this image. He fights the three monsters for his own gratification. He traveled to another land because he was considered the only man on the planet capable of killing Grendel and he wanted to prove it. Beowulf managed himself in this manner past his prime and even then wanted to prove himself in a fight against a dragon. Although he defeats the dragon, he also meets his own demise. His death is the first time that he met defeat in any form, even though he did defeat the dragon. This defeat is the first incident that would prompt Beowulf to reconsider the importance of upholding his image. At this point any change that he may consider is much too late, proving that death is a very cruel disciplinarian. Shakespeare firmly believes that death is the great equalizer. In most of his plays at least one character realizes that after death he will become "food for worms." King and peasant, prince and pauper--no matter what your social status is you will eventually come to the same fate. Henry IV is no exception. Shakespeare's characters always reach the same conclusion about death, usually in a very sobering way. This allows his aristocratic characters to undergo a change of perspective and therefore detach themselves from the situation that they are considering. In Milton's Paradise Lost, Adam and Eve experience a similar perspective change after The Fall. When the serpent leads Eve to eat from the Tree of Knowledge, she is both tempted and curious as to what she is missing. madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-304736371575542992020-01-17T04:35:00.001-08:002020-01-17T04:35:02.656-08:00Toyota vs Honda – Other Financial Analysis4. Other financial and non-financial analysis This section objective is to compare significant financial and non-financial information and identify risks reported in Toyotaââ¬â¢s and Hondaââ¬â¢s 2010 Annual Report, Notes to the Financial Statements, Company Official Websites, Bloomberg and Thompson Reuters; which are not reflected in our financial ratio analysis and might have a significant impact in our investment decision making process. Dividends Payments and Dividend Yield Cash dividends per share| | | | Year| 31/03/2008| 31/03/2009| 31/03/2010| Company| | | | Toyota| | ? 140. 00 | ? 100. 00 | ? 45. 00 | Honda| | ? 86. 00 | ? 63. 00 | ? 38. 00 | | | | | | | | | | | Estimated dividend yield* %| | | | Year| 31/03/2008| 31/03/2009| 31/03/2010| Toyota| | 2. 82%| 3. 18%| 1. 20%| Honda| | 3. 02%| 2. 74%| 1. 15%| | | | | | * A financial ratio that shows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price. The dividend yield is the return on investment for a stock. | Toyota has been paying higher dividends per share over the three financial years ended at March, 31st. In addition, the dividend yield calculation shows that Toyota has been providing a higher ROI for its shareholders stocks investment in 2009 and 2010. Contractual Obligations Contractual Obligations* | | | | | | | | | | | | | Payments due by period (Yen ââ¬â Million)| | | Less than 1 year| 1 to 3 years| 3 to 5 years| 5 years and after| Total| Toyota| ? 5,544,923 | ? 4,271,809 | ? 1,477,862 | ? 1,345,294 | ? 12,639,888 | Honda| ? 2,086,970 | ? 1,680,539 | ? 781,779 | ? 135,967 | ? 4,685,255 | Ratio Toyota over Honda| 2. 66 | 2. 54 | 1. 9 | 9. 89 | 2. 70 | | | | | | | * Includes short and long term borrowings, capital and operating leases, interest payments and contributed defined benefit pension plans. | The above mentioned analysis is meant to understand the future obligations Toyota and Honda have in regards to their future earnings. For Example, for every ? 1 million earned in the 2011 financial year by Toyota, the company is committed to pay its contractual obligations of ? 26 6,000, while, for the same ? 1 million Honda 2011 financial year earnings, the company is only committed to pay ? 100,000. This means that Honda would have more earnings to spare for future business developments and dividend payments. Net Revenue Geographic Segmentation Net Revenues Geographic Segmentation| | | | Yen in Millions | | Toyota| %| Honda| %| Japan| ? 7,314,813 | 39%| ? 1,577,318 | 18%| North America| ? 5,583,228 | 29%| ? 3,736,447 | 44%| Europe| ? 2,082,671 | 11%| ? 764,785 | 9%| Asia| ? 2,431,648 | 13%| ? 1,543,397 | 18%| Others| ? 1,538,613 | 8%| ? 957,227 | 11%| | ? 18,950,973 | 100%| ? 8,579,174 | 100%| The table above shows the concentration % of Toyota and Honda Net Revenue by geographical segmentation. Toyota top net revenue segments contribution comes from Japan at 39%, followed by North America 29% and Asia 13%; while, Honda top net revenue segments comes from North America 44%, Asia and Japan are tied with 18%. Knowing that Japan was hit by a Tsunami in the first quarter of 2011; in our opinion, this natural catastrophic event will adversely affect Toyota net revenue in Japan for the upcoming financial year. This means that Honda overall, will probably have a more stable stream of revenue from the North America and Asia regions to support its operations. madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-4124375861469218032020-01-09T00:57:00.001-08:002020-01-09T00:57:04.166-08:00Security Issues Facing Online Banking - 1480 Words There are security issues facing online banking and can these concerns be addressed. Introduction: Current technology is evolving fast, which brings new dimensions to peopleââ¬â¢s daily life. Moreover, network technological innovation not only brings huge economic benefits to the bank, but also has brought new needs for the requirements of online banking. The interaction between user and bank has been substantially enhanced by deploying computer operations, which not only reduce the cost of bank service, improving the efficiency of service, but also achieve a new kind of operation without using paper .However, Online banking transactions can be a double-edged sword. These conveniences give also rise to a series of safety problems such as phishing sites and cyber crime. Thus customerââ¬â¢s behavior has been limited on account of the unsafe e-commerce environments. This essay will argue that there exist risks in online banking which can lead to criminal behavior, and a number of reasonable solutions have been developed to reduce the risk for customers such as imp roving online banking system, raise citizensââ¬â¢ internet knowledge and workersââ¬â¢ professionalism to a new and higher level. Definitions Online Banking, refers to the use of internet banking technology to provide accounts, cancel the account, query, reconciliation, online transfer, bank transfer, credit, online securities, investment banking and other traditional services to customers via internet, so customers can takeShow MoreRelatedFactors Influencing Online Banking Acceptance904 Words à |à 4 PagesFactors influencing online banking acceptance: 1. Security: (Joseph; Stone, 2003) have said that the internet deals with a huge number of various financial transactions like customer payments, securities transactions applications for insurance acquisitions or loans. The result of the intention of the internet is to be an open network which means a high security risks are implicated with financial transactions. Today, different techniques and standards are presented in order to control these risksRead MoreEthical Issues Of Securing Data Security1682 Words à |à 7 PagesDevendra Kumar Meruvu CUW ID: F00439850 Assignment: Term Project - Project 3 1. Topic: Data Security 2. Working Title: Ethical issues in Securing Data 3. Thesis Statement: In this paper the primary motive is to provide the ethical issues related to data security. This paper provides the ethical issues facing by the individuals even the security of the applications is so high. 4. Abstract: Ethical issues are the major concern in todays secured data communication and electronic commerce. Though theRead MoreEssay on Cmgt 400 Week 2 Common Information Security Threats1019 Words à |à 5 PagesInformation Security Threats to the Banking Industry CMGT/400 University of Phoenix Information Security Threats to the Banking Industry To start off with I chose to go with our banking or financial industry. The banking industry is constantly getting attacked by various methods on a daily basis. I chose this industry because I happen to know someone who works in the security sector at Wells Fargo Bank, he was a good person to getRead MoreWebsite Group #3 ââ¬â Companies Who Use Crm. Middleton (2017)1221 Words à |à 5 Pagesuse CRM. Middleton (2017) reported that Apple plans to launch a new internal CRM system based on SugarCRM in April 2017. The new system will link every part of Apple s internal customer relationship systems, including its in-store, Genius bar, and online presences, allowing Apple to have a much broader and deeper view of its customer relationships and how they relate to the different parts of its business. Other users of SugarCRM include IBM, Mitsubishi, HTC, Agfa Healthcare, and Sennheiser. Non-profitRead MoreBank of Americas Mobile Banking Applications780 Words à |à 3 PagesExecutive Summary- Bank of America (Bofa) is one of the leading creators of the mobile banking application, lately since the app has been created they have noticed that new features and platforms of the applications are starting to cause issues dealing with technical support and functions that the app possess such as viewing your mortgage or using rewards points. Jen McDonald who is the head of the digital marketing group decided one day that the company needed to go in a new direction so herselfRead MoreThe Banking Industry And Cloud Computing Essay1701 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Banking Industry and Cloud Computing Banks are facing increased pressure to streamline their current processes and trim operating costs, while also responding to more demanding, digitally connected customers (Adams, 2012). Many banks are even looking at new technologies and IT delivery models such as cloud computing to help address these issues. Banks have many reasons to like the cloud, such as cost efficiency, standardization and consistency (Dragon, 2013). Banks are embracing the cloud moreRead MoreE Business : Application Of Software And Technology Essay914 Words à |à 4 Pagesââ¬Å"E-Business: Application of software and technology in selected Ethiopian Banks: Issues and challengesâ⬠is a scholarly journal published by International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI) on November 2011. It is written by Vijay, Bhaskar Reddy Muvva; Asefa, Tewdros Sisay. The main concern of this journal was the application of software towards the banking industry, especially in Ethiopia. According to (Nations Online Country World Wide), Ethiopia ranked the 10th in the ââ¬Å"Third World CountriesRead MoreChallenge Faced by Bank Regulator and Supervisor1621 Words à |à 7 Pageselectronic banking systems. Its not only provide the basic services like fund transfer and bill payments, but also doing the advance including provide the loan and card application. Electronic banking can define as the use of electronic delivery channels for banking products and services. Electronic banking services generally offered in two ways either traditional bank that is combine traditional and electronic delivery channels or virtual bank that operate entirely through electronic banking channelRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm ) And Loyalty1523 Words à |à 7 Pagesâ⬠¢ Banking industry and financial institutions nowadays facing rapid change. Customer b ehaviour, retention, technology, regulatory compliance and competition from existed competitors and quick and innovative upcoming competitors are all in flow. â⬠¢ Satisfying customer is the main key to address those issues. â⬠¢ These customers expecting from banks to clarify their individual needs without incurring price premium. â⬠¢ Banks must start now to access their customers to build better customer relationshipRead MoreThe Security Of E Banking1772 Words à |à 8 PagesThe security of E-banking Razbongshi,Kazol American International University - Bangladesh kajalrajbongshi@gmail.com Abstract.Electronic banking plays an important role in our daily life to show how we interact with others and how we do business today. It is strong catalyst for business strategy and economic development of a country.Billions of information and data are transferring from one to another via the online banking. People can transaction money and pay bills without going to the bank. Because madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-3728126644499364802019-12-31T21:21:00.001-08:002019-12-31T21:21:02.919-08:00Are Social Networking Sites Good for a Society - 1846 Words Social networking sites can be deemed this centuryââ¬â¢s phenomenon. These websites have, throughout the years, grown from having at least 10,000 members logging on daily, to 1,000,000 active users daily. According to Danah M. Boyd and Nicole B. Ellison, social networking sites are ââ¬Å"web-based services that allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within a systemâ⬠(211). Boyd and Ellison also asserts that ââ¬Å"The first recognizable social network site launched in 1997. SixDegrees.com allowed users to create profiles, list their Friends and, beginning in 1998, surf the Friends listsâ⬠(214). Since this phenomenon, a cornucopia of web sites began making their entrance on the market, some of the most popular being Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and MySpace. These social networking s ites not only obtain the highest amount of users daily, but many of these users are adolescents between the ages of 13-18 most of who are still in high school. According to ââ¬Å"Social Networking,â⬠and Social Networking Sites: A Critical Analysis of Its Impact on Personal and Social Life, Proponents deem that social networking sites disseminate useful information rapidly, provide students, and educators valuable access to educational support and material and promote interaction with friends and family, however, opponents believesShow MoreRelatedAre Social Networking Sites Good For Our Society?3384 Words à |à 14 PagesAre Social Networking Sites Good for Our Society? Are social networking sites good for our society? Nowadays it seems as though social networks are what make our society. It s the 21st century and the world is modernizing more and more everyday. Technology is becoming more advanced and researchers are debating on whether or not we should which to e-books instead of the good old textbooks. Social networks are the second top news source for Americans, right behind newspapers. It s been proven thatRead MoreSocial Networking Sites Are Good Or Bad For Society2449 Words à |à 10 PagesSocial media is a term that does not need to be defined, everyone knows what social media is. Even people in the most distant of places have heard, or even use, social networking sites. People today use social networking sites on a regular basis. Todayââ¬â¢s society uses sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram as a way to stay in touch with current events, family members, and with their friends. According to the Pew Research Center, ââ¬Å"seventy- six percent of [todayââ¬â¢s society] uses social networkingRead MoreAre Social Networking Sites Good For Our Society?1911 Words à |à 8 PagesNahida Sultana Dr. Rachel C. Henderson ENG 1101 18 November 2015 Are Social Networking Sites Good for Our Society? We are living in the 21st century and technology began to change very promptly. After the Supercomputers were introduced in the 1960s, scientists and engineers started to develop the networks between those supercomputers, and later they discovered the internet, which is a global communication device where people all around the world can meet and talk about pretty much anything. The developmentRead MoreAre Social Networking Sites Good for Our Society Essay1670 Words à |à 7 PagesLiliana Katiana English I May 18, 2013 Are Social Networking Sites Good For Our Society? Many people in our society can relate. We wake up, check our phones. We go to school, check our phones. We go home, check our phones. And right before we go to bed, we check our phones. And for what? What are we constantly checking? Imagine logging out of social networking sites for one day. How would you feel? You would probably feel disconnected and want to log back on as soon as possible. This generationRead MoreSocial Networking Sites Are Good Or Bad For Our Society1500 Words à |à 6 PagesSocial Aspect Online social networking sites have become increasingly popular over the past few years. The usage of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, and LinkedIn has more than multiplied from 2005 to 2015. Having access to these social media sites allows the users to create profiles, share their interests, communicate with family, friends, and strangers, share thoughts, photos, videos, and much more. There is a huge question if these different social networking sites are good or bad for ourRead MoreEssay on Social Networking: The Good Choice for Society536 Words à |à 3 PagesSocial Networking is the use of websites such as Facebook, MySpace,Twitter,LinkedIn, and classmates.com to communicate with other users (Hampton). On social media like these,users are able to develop biographical profiles as well as communicating,researching, and also sharing photos, links, videos,music, and more. Advocates of social networking sites conclude that online communities promote increased interaction wit h friends and family and also offer teachers, librarians, and students beneficialRead MoreWhy Social Networks Have Done More Harm Than Good in Our Society1366 Words à |à 6 Pagesin our society has become more dominant than it was in the 17th and 18th century. Today, technology is used for almost everything in our day to day lives. But the most common usage of technology is for communication and industrialization. However, every good thing has its disadvantage if it is over used, and since technology has become very dominant, it is used by both young and older people but more predominant among the youth of the today. Even more, technology has brought about social networkingRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1033 Words à |à 5 PagesAre you concerned about the use of social media? Although the use of social media may concern only the slightest percent of people, it is still a very important privilege that many people around the world donââ¬â¢t have access to. So cial media is important because in spite of the fact that there are many safety concerns, the use of social media is of great significance because it enables people to be able to connect with anyone they want whenever they want. Anyone can see why this might be a problemRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On The Internet1681 Words à |à 7 Pagesenabled people to inhabit a life at a faster speed. In todayââ¬â¢s society, many people across the world are accessing the internet multiple times a day. It makes peopleââ¬â¢s lives very easily from a different side. Many people use the internet on their smartphones and check their email, Facebook, bank account balance, etc. via the internet. However, one of these things, most of the people busy with their social networking sites than the others. Social networks are an essential part of todayââ¬â¢s Internet and usedRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1024 Words à |à 5 Pagesuse of social media may concern only the slighte st percent of people, it is still a very important privilege that many people around the world donââ¬â¢t have access to. Social media is important because in spite of the fact that there are many safety concerns, the use of social media is of great significance because it enables people to be able to connect with anyone they want whenever they want. Anyone can see why this might be a problem, but there are more things that are good about social media than madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-69582705950542777472019-12-23T17:07:00.001-08:002019-12-23T17:07:04.807-08:00Agency Rules For Lgbt Workplace Discrimination Essay Scheiber, N. (2015). U.S. Agency Rules for Gays in Workplace Discrimination. The New York Times. Ann Hopkins, a senior manager in the Office of Government Services, was nominated to be a partner in the accounting firm, Price Waterhouse. Her job performance was evaluated through a booklet that consisted of a headshot, peersââ¬â¢ performance evaluations, counseling session reports, statistical analyses and more. Several of Hopkinsââ¬â¢ assessments agreed on her competency, hard-working attitude, and outstanding performance; however, many others argued she was too rough and lacked interpersonal skills. After going through a comprehensive admission process, the company decided to put her application on hold. Adverse comments from male partners outweighed her knowledge, skills, and experience. Subsequently, in the end, Price Waterhouse decided to turn down her nomination proposal. In the year 1984, Ann Hopkins filed a claim against Price Waterhouse for letting gender-bias influence her possible partnership with the company. According to Hopkins, she was falsely accused of her lack of interpersonal skills. If that wouldââ¬â¢ve been a real issue, there was no reason for the company to hire men with the same characteristics as her. She also argued that male partners judged her through a stereotypical lens, and Price Waterhouse did not address the possible discrimination that arises from having male partners determined her competency for the job. The lawsuit against Price Waterhouse claimedShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Discrimination Against Lgbt Essay1601 Words à |à 7 PagesTopic: Workplace Discrimination against LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: Discrimination occurs against LGBT who are in different industries. Thesis: In each state people are afraid of coming out in the workplace of different industrials because the chance of get fired or harassed (Throughout the US, those who are LGBT do not come out in their industries due to fear of harassment or getting fired). Introduction Attention GraberRead MoreThe Rights Opportunity Commission Has Filed Suits Against Private And Public Practices1726 Words à |à 7 Pages diversity is seen all aspects of life, majorly in the workplace. A rising issue in America has been making headlines; discrimination in the workplace due to sexual orientation. Sexual orientation refers to ââ¬Å"a personââ¬â¢s sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attractedâ⬠(Google). There has been a disturbing and substantial growing rate in the discrimination and harassment of gay and transgender individuals in the workplace as well as throughout the hiring process with limited attentionRead MoreHr Field Of Human Resource Management1668 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"turn-of-the-centuryâ⬠brought a whole new way of how businesses operate and the departments within. These new ways of the business include the prominence of technology, the ongoing fight for diversity in the workplace, and expansion on globalizati on. Because these changes also effect the employees within the workplace, this has forced the field of human resource management to change rapidly. Methodology: HR Management in the 21st Century: Whatââ¬â¢s Ahead? Objective: This paper examines the rapid change in HumanRead MoreLgbt Rights Movement For Lgbt Adults1809 Words à |à 8 PagesCivil Rights movement for LGBT equality, and has led to a more perfect United States. However, LGBT people are still not completely free from discrimination and abuse, there is much more society can, and should do, in order to advance LGBT equality. In order to advance the cause of LGBT equality, society must create and enforce federal LGBT worker protections in order to protect LGBT adults and must ban gay conversion therapy in order to protect LGBT children. Federal LGBT worker protections wouldRead MoreLaws Affecting The Agency Of The United States Postal Service1485 Words à |à 6 PagesLaws Affecting The Agency When it comes to The United States Postal Service, I did not think they would have many court cases, especially dealing with diversity and mistreatment in the workplace. During my research, however, I was proven wrong. The Postal Service has had quite a few court cases, while many of them relate to ethical and discriminatory issues. Individuals have felt that the Postal Service sometimes judge applicants or workers by their lifestyle or ethnicity. This in turn shows badRead MoreThe, Gay, Bisexual, And Transsexual People Essay1918 Words à |à 8 PagesDiscrimination often occurs in many different forms. It can affect people in the most hurtful ways. There are often people who are targeted due to their sexual orientation. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transsexual people experience too much discrimination within the workplace, schools and social settings we must be supportive and embrace gender identity. This has also been known to cause victims to attempt suicide. Lesbians are homosexual (attracted to persons of the same sex) women; it relates toRead MoreCultural Diversity : Critical Issues Amongst The Lgbt Community2538 Words à |à 11 Pages Cultural Diversity: Critical Issues amongst the LGBT community Janice T Le University of Texas Amongst the many issues faced in the LGBT community, three critical concerns include oppression and discrimination, homelessness in youths and martial rights. Homosexuality continues to hold immense stigma in society due to the threat of conventional masculine ideology, negative beliefs rooted in cultural institutions, and religious fundamentalism, which do not condone homosexualityRead MoreTransgender As A Social Problem Essay3514 Words à |à 15 Pagesthought of as a transgender person. Transgender people had no protection under any federal, state or anti-discriminatory laws.The government should take measures to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and transgender identity and take measures to promote equal rights and opportunities without discrimination of any kind. CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSGENDERS IN INDIA In India there is wide range of transgenders classified as under: 1. HIJRAS- Hires belong to those members of communityRead MoreLgbt Community : The United States And The World Of The 21st Century8181 Words à |à 33 PagesLGBT Community in the United States and the World in the 21st Century By Annette Underwood Illustrated Images by google free domain pictures Copyright @ 2014 by SWB Publisher FIRST PUBLICATION EDITION SWB PUBLISHERS 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 INTRODUCTION Is the need for acceptance of oneââ¬â¢s sexuality as important as other issues like poverty, unemployment, global warming, natural disasters and proper health solutions for Ebola, Lyme that put our survival itself at risk? When meditating on thisRead MoreBlack Athlete5745 Words à |à 23 Pageseffects of heterosexist bias in social welfare policy frameworks on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals and families in the United States. It discusses the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), federal deï ¬ nitions of family and household, and stereotypes about LGBT individuals. It argues that poor LGBT individuals and families lack full citizen rights and access to needed social services as a result of these madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-40009821962461996462019-12-15T13:37:00.001-08:002019-12-15T13:37:03.841-08:00Art History â⬠Civil War Free Essays Two of the decadeââ¬â¢s biggest stories came early on with the New York Timesââ¬â¢ reporting of the Pentagon Papers in 1971 and the Washington Postââ¬â¢s coverage of Watergate scandal twine 1972 and 1976. 1 The assââ¬â¢s displayed a trend of younger Journalists with higher ideals. Instead of simply covering the news on the government with blind-eye objectivity, Journalists began actively seeking ways to analyze and expose any type of dishonesty in its actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Art History ââ¬â Civil War or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 The Pentagon Papers scandal turned the American public against the Vietnam War and exposed the U. S. Government for its lies and false promises over the past decade. 3 Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein reporting of the Watergate scandal is considered one of the high points in American investigative journalism. By using a variety of sources and interrogating U. S. Government officials inside the White House and the FBI, Woodward and Bernstein published numerous stories showing proof of am illegal presidential cover-up and ââ¬Å"dirty trickâ⬠politics. 4 The Watergate scandal demonstrated how new technology began to aid the delivery of the news in the sassââ¬â¢s. Television, for example, began to take off, as people were now able to easily see and believe the news in a timely fashion, rather than simply reading about it. On August 8, 1974, President Richard Nixon formally reigned from the office of President in a televised broadcast. It was a defining moment in American history, as Nixon became the first president to willingly give up his position. The televised address confirmed that Americans were beginning to view television as a primary source of information. Nightly news broadcasts also expanded upon their success from the sassââ¬â¢s. Each of the three major television networks had their own recognizable and respected Journalists helping their newscasts. For example, Walter Coronate, who was hailed as ââ¬Å"The Most Trusted Man in America,â⬠anchored CBS. Nabââ¬â¢s team of John Chancellor and David Brinkley were a strong second, while BBC had a seacoast helped by Howard K. Smith. 6 Of course, the increased reliance on television in turn slightly decreased the importance of radio in the daily lives of Americans. Television and newspapers firmly became the leading news outlets during this time. Thus, because there was not as wide a variety of viable news sources (online, cable television, etc. ), audiences were not as fragmented as they are today in finding the news. 7 The assââ¬â¢s also brought forth economic and social changes in the lives of American citizens, which made obtaining the news even more relevant during the time. Major trends included greater cynicism of government, advancement in civil rights, increased influence of the womenââ¬â¢s movement, and environmental awareness. 8 During the course of the Vietnam War, Americans suffered through a slight depression. The news, in television and paper, became a way to constantly stay aware of national and international proceedings. 9 The war led to a heightened interest in daily-televised news. In turn, the Vietnam War became commonly known as the ââ¬Å"Living Roomâ⬠War, as families were able to see the violence occurring overseas. 10 In addition, the Watergate scandal, Roe v. Wade in 1973, the Fall of Saigon in 1975, among other major news stories, were all landmark historical moments-?thus making the news more culturally relevant than ever at the time. A new ââ¬Å"normâ⬠in Journalism also appeared during the sassââ¬â¢s decade known as ââ¬Å"New Journalism,â⬠or ââ¬Å"literary Journalism. ââ¬Å"al The works in the new genre were characterized by adding novelistic twists to reportage. Usual standards of accuracy were usually nonexistent and were often dependent on the mood of a place or event. 12 Writers such as Truman Capote, Tom Wolfe, Hunter S. Thompson and others reared a form of Journalism in which writers became more artistic and created ââ¬Å"nonfiction novels. â⬠The accuracy and reporting in these stories became the subject of controversy and caused mistrust in Journalistic integrity. 3 Traditional Journalists argued that the professional Journalistic norms of accuracy and factual verifiability discouraged the use of techniques such as inner monologue and excessive, over-the- top detail. However, the controversy of fact-and-fiction reporting in the sassââ¬â¢s led to more established rules and guide lines for Journalists. Many major Journalistic organizations and individual news organizations established codes and standards to limit the involvement of their Journalists in activities that could potentially ââ¬Å"embarrass their organizations. 14 Thus, while much of the assââ¬â¢s reflected a ââ¬Å"crusading-yet-objectiveâ⬠style of Journalism, sensationalism and exaggeration were both still very much present. The relationship between the government and the media remained ever changing throughout the decade. In 1970, President Nixon created the Office of Telecommunications Policy in order to stress the rising importance of media in new formats. 5 During this time, news coverage of the Vietnam War via television showed Americans the horrors of war overseas and public sentiment towards Nixon and the war turned sour. The Topââ¬â¢s criticism of public broadcastings coverage of the Nixon administration, however, undermined congressional support for public broadcasting. 16 Another major development in 1970 was the creation of National Public Radio. NP began producing and distributing a variety of news programs and specials, funded by the governmentââ¬â¢s Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CAB). 17 Ata time when television was gaining momentum, a variety of different government actions inhibited further progression of public broadcasting. For example, in 1975 the Public Broadcasting Financing Act was signed, forcing the CAB to apply to Congress for funding every year. Furthermore, the he Public Telecommunications Financing Act restricted the Cabââ¬â¢s managerial and financial freedom. 18 Newspapers and magazines, however, still received a majority of their funding from advertising. However, since television began to steal more of the national audience, print magazines and papers began to move towards a more socialized advertising model. This idea became fully realized in the following decade. 9 Ultimately, the sassââ¬â¢s brought forth a major interest in Journalism. From government mistrust to civil rights, Journalism and getting the news was a priority for a vast majority of the American public. Thousands of Baby Boomers from World War II swelled enrollment in U. S. Journalism college programs, creating a generation of journalists that would not be changed until the birth and rise of the Internet in the 21st ce ntury. 20 Works Cited Miller, Mary and Teresa Crude. A 20th Century Timeline: Classroom Use of Instructional Film, Radio, and Television. How to cite Art History ââ¬â Civil War, Papers madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-16895779825751107072019-12-07T10:20:00.001-08:002019-12-07T10:20:05.592-08:00Filipino Factors That Hinder Financial Success free essay sample Filipino Factors that Hinder Financial Success â⬠¢Lizard Brain The Lizard Brain is a part of our Paleomammalian brain which seemingly supports a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction. One of the things that the Lizard Brain controls is our fear. It makes us feel that we are not up to the task; that there is a bigger chance that we do not succeed at the end; that we will end up in failure. It is very common for Filipinos to be pessimists. We often tell ourselves that we canââ¬â¢t do this, or we canââ¬â¢t do that, without even trying. Our view is dimmed by the sight of failure, and we end up making U-turns and never going back, never going to try. How would success befall on us if we, ourselves, do not even try to get it at the first place? Both Robert Kiyosaki and Donald Trump believe at the fact that success is the dish cooked up with the necessary ingredient called ââ¬Å"Failureâ⬠. We will write a custom essay sample on Filipino Factors That Hinder Financial Success or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Without failure, how are we able to learn to succeed? Even a person who has not failed miserably in life could not be called successful. Mayhap, even a simple failure will turn that man on his knees and break him. And so, Filipinos need to quiet down their Lizard Brains in order to uphold our talents from the pessimistic point of view. â⬠¢Ignorance Where ignorance is bliss, tis folly to be wise. is not particularly applicable in this subject. There are few schools which have Financial Education as part of their usual curriculum, and, in contrary to that, the majority of schools in the Philippines, whether it may be public or private, have not considered Financial Education, whatsoever, into their own curricula. As a result, the students will have no information or knowledge on how to properly manage the flow of their money or their income in the near future. When theyââ¬â¢ll be grown up enough, they would be following the usual advice Filipino parents give their children as the generations come and that isâ⬠¦ ââ¬Å"Get Good Grades, a Safe Job, and Work There for the Rest of Your Lifeâ⬠We Filipinos have been Employees for life. We choose being in a ââ¬Å"safeâ⬠job more than to step in on the path of Businessmen and Investors. Being an Employee is like tying yourself in chains in order to not reach Financial Success. We also have a lot of Filipinos going overseas just because the income is bigger in oth er countries than it is in our own and that itââ¬â¢s harder to look for a job in the Philippines with the current overpopulated state we have delved ourselves in. The OFWââ¬â¢s focus on saving money and sending them to their families which, in turn, doesnââ¬â¢t give them financial freedom but, instead, makes their families dependant on the money being given to them. They would become so dependent that if the OFW loses their job, theyââ¬â¢d render it useless and they would have to suffer certain consequences by being on the line of poverty for a while or for the rest of their life. madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-70827364276382155402019-11-29T22:02:00.001-08:002019-11-29T22:02:02.477-08:00Pros and Cons of Science and Technology free essay sample The outcomes of scientific and technological research have strongly influenced civilization throughout history. It is evident that the applications of the two have been both beneficial and unsuited to human society simultaneously. Although science and technology have greatly contributed to elevating the quality of life, especially in the areas of geology and communication, it has also negatively impacted the world through its misuse. In ancient times, people relied on sorcerers and witch doctors to explain why many natural disasters occurred. Whenever a volcano erupted, or an earthquake occurred, it was often believed that the gods were enraged. Sometimes, many innocent people were terribly sacrificed to appease the godsââ¬â¢ wrath. Appeasing the supernatural forces, which could either wipe out entire villages or grant bountiful crops through natural disasters, was a sacred duty in many ancient societies. Ritual sacrifices were considered necessary for this propitiation and for maintaining a proper reciprocal relationship between humans and the supernaturals. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Science and Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thankfully, technology can now be used to understand, predict, and explain many of these natural phenomenons, and this ultimately alleviate the loss of lives and commodities. Communication has evolved over the centuries from signals and pictures to written words and the spoken language. With language, any message, no matter how complex, can be conveyed between people over a limited distance. For many people, communicating with family used to mean sending cards and letters through the mail and getting no response until weeks later. For the past decade, technology has transformed the way people communicate, in part due to the advent of the Internet. Instead of mailing letters, people are writing e-mails and greeting cards that can be sent instantly to one or more recipients. Many people have already gotten rid of their land-line phones and replaced them with mobile phones, even smart phones. Free video calls can be placed to anyone in the world over the Internet by using Skype and a headset. Mobile phones have become a stroke of luck, letting individuals call others no matter where they are. Society has become so dependent on technology to the point that people frequently cease to think before they take actions. It is absolutely normal for individuals to become impatient if it takes more than a few seconds to download a file, or load a webpage. They expect immediate responses to their emails, and they expect someone to answer their cell phones wherever and whenever they call. Regardless, industrialization resulted in rapid and sustained economic growth and a massive increase in goods; yet, for many people, it created a thoroughly unpleasant and stressful work environment. Also, before the advent of television, cellular phones, and the Internet, people found creative ways to communicate and enjoy time with friends and families. Today, many of these ancient methods embodied by those traditional families have almost disappeared because of the overindulgence in technology. The avid appetite for technology such as phones, iPods, handheld game players and portable computers are consuming peopleââ¬â¢s time and energy. Rather than interacting face to face with friends, family and acquaintances, people are opting for the convenience of impersonal communication through technology. Many individuals are parallel playing like toddlers, disassociating themselves from others in the creating of uncommitted, emotionless relationships. For a very long time, it has been true that civilization has fashioned weapons of war. Guns, swords, and other weapons exhibited the use of science and technology for military purposes. At the turn of the 20th century, the dangers of these weapons were exposed, and it was evident that they could lead to our planetââ¬â¢s destruction. Nuclear and chemical weapons endanger the planetââ¬â¢s existence every day, and they are a product of science and technology. Clearly, modern science and technology has its fair share of advantages and disadvantages on modern society. From the invention of both simple and complex machines, people have gained a better understanding of the world and how it functions, and have devised innovative means to survive. Advances in the areas of geology and communication are just two areas that reveal the benefits and efficiency of modern technology. On the flip side, civilization has been negatively affected through science and technology because they have been constantly misused. If society would collapse in the future, it is certain that science and technology would play a role in the collapse. It is unclear whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, but time will tell the answer. madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-20718216781556500062019-11-25T21:14:00.001-08:002019-11-25T21:14:03.698-08:00The Womens Suffrage Movement essaysThe Women's Suffrage Movement essays The Womens Suffrage Movement was not only displayed in the United States, but all over the world. Many women took time out of their busy lives just to fight for what they believed in and that was Womens Rights. They just wanted to get the same respect as any other male. Many of the women were well educated and were still denied the right to vote. It took the Womens suffrage Movement many years to make its way through but in 1920 women won voting rights, but were still treated awful and disrespected on their ability to work and etc. this took place well into the 1970s and is still on today it just lighted up. The Womens Suffrage Movement was an outgrowth of the general Womens Rights Movement, which began with The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848. The Convention adopted a Declaration of Principles. The most influential leaders around that time were Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Elizabeth was also apart of the Anti-Slavery Movement, which also included Lucretia Mott. Elizabeth was well known at the Seneca Falls Convention for an inspiring quote stated, "it is the duty of the women in this country to secure to themselves their sacred right to the franchise." In May of 1869 The National Womens Suffrage Association was formed. Later Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe formed that year American Womens Suffrage Association. In 1890 the two organizations decided to merge into National American Womens Suffrage Association (NAWSA). When the two formed Susan B. Anthony soon became the President but retired in 1900. In 1920 the NAWSA was dissolved and replaced by the National League of Wome n Voters, which was established in Chicago, IL. It was thought of to educate women on how to use the newly won vote wisely. The first Political Suffrage was achieved when some states allowed widows to vote in school board elections. Wyo ... madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-75352074095890927622019-11-22T04:38:00.001-08:002019-11-22T04:38:03.455-08:00Project Planning & Control - Project Management CourseworkProject Planning & Control - Project Management - Coursework Example The EAC project is viable and is likely to run into specific risks that are not easy to factor into the project management. The same applies with the possible opportunities the project is likely to meet in its course. As such, the Gantt chart will lack the two figures, which are vital since the project managers must always be on the outlook for either the risks or opportunities since they both influence the success of the project. Risks and opportunities are uncertain factors often considered by project managers but they cannot factor in either in the project (Roeser, 2013). The uncertainties in the two arise from the magnitude and nature of their effects on the project. As such, project managers can only anticipate risks and handle them based on the prevailing factors. In retrospect, project management requires a degree of versatility in order to enable the project managers consider the two factors and change the nature of the project based on the influence of either the risks or the opportunities they face at various stages. The Gantt charts alongside show project process. They illustrate the project schedule as different activities occur at various stages. In doing this, he charts show the relationship among the activities. Key among the activities shown in the chart is project preparation and the WBS activities. Additionally, the charts portray the computation of both the pessimistic and optimistic showing their expected start and end madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-20135735416471618812019-11-20T20:21:00.001-08:002019-11-20T20:21:04.480-08:00Short Story A short story about somebody who visits their friends EssayShort Story A short story about somebody who visits their friends house and uses their computer. When their computer breaks down he blames his friend, before realising their was a fault with their computer - Essay Example He repeats this ritual five times. Although he is not a drinker, an insidious hangover would torture him the next morning reminding him of his wasted time after long nights of Internet bingeing. Like most addictions, the rationale for such behavior did not make any sense. Online high school behavior is just as bad as or even worse than high school itself. Online or not, gossip has no face time. Joe barges in with his IPod plugged into his ears and loud as it could be. He is wearing black jeans, a punk-studded belt tilted to the side, and a cap that says KORN. Joe has that hyperactive, ADHD intensity of waiting to entertain. ââ¬Å"Alright look, I swear this is worth it. Itââ¬â¢s unlike anything on the Web that is out there. Itââ¬â¢s not some lame maze game where the Exorcist girl comes screeching at your screen. Itââ¬â¢s no pop up windows full of false-hope million dollar jobs or anything like that.â⬠Joe wears the posterity of a salesman, only he doesnââ¬â¢t have the matching outfit to compliment it. Just as Oscar was about to utter his first response to Joeââ¬â¢s obvious bogus Science Fiction field trip, the monitor shines a bright white that permeates the screen like a soft mist. Then the screen slowly zooms into black. Feeling spooked, Oscar felt an odd inclination to get out of there. Joe nonchalantly follows behind him. The parents werenââ¬â¢t home, so he couldnââ¬â¢t get their help. Oscar opens the door, but it is walled in with bricks. ââ¬Å"Server Errorâ⬠is chalked on the brick wall. However, they are able to escape through a window. The neighbourhood is not the same. The apartment building looks fragile like cardboard. The street tight ropes into a singularity that Joe or Oscar canââ¬â¢t quite make out. Joe and Oscar walk further down and notice the sides of everything have diminished. Itââ¬â¢s a two-dimensional world. Oscar, in disbelief, continues to walk madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-8555026940167578432019-11-18T23:02:00.001-08:002019-11-18T23:02:05.283-08:00William A. Shea and His Impact on New York Research PaperWilliam A. Shea and His Impact on New York - Research Paper Example He was honored by naming the stadium after him, and the team New York Mets played in the stadium for approximately 45 years (Wade 150). Shea had immense political connections as well as money in New York City, he weathered the pressure from the major league owners to come up with the third league after the Giants and Dodgers moved on. William Shea made significant contributions on the New York through making the Continental league a reality in the City. Moreover, Shea was revered for introducing a junior league that promoted the growth of talent in Baseball. Besides his career as a lawyer and huge interests in Baseball. Shea was involved in philanthropic activities. This paper discusses William A. Shea and his contributions toward New York. Discussion William A. Shea was born in Washington Heights in Manhattan on June 21, 1907. Shea attended various public schools after which he studied at New York University on a sports scholarship for basketball. Later, he transferred on another sp orts scholarship to Georgetown University. In 1931, Shea was admitted to the bar at District of Columbia after which he joined the New York bar (Margolick). While in New York University, Georgetown University and Harvard Law School, Shea had a huge interest in Basketball and was a team member in these institutions. Shea graduated from the Harvard law school and worked for insurance bureaucracies after which he entered into private practice. As a lawyer, Shea garnered political influence by working voluntarily on influential boards in Brooklyn. In his legal career, Shea was a lawyer who was trusted by powerful men due to his efficiency (Margolick). Career as a Lawyer Shea held close ties with political bigwigs although he never held an elective office (Margolick). Moreover, Shea was on numerous occasions cited bragging that he had never practiced his profession in a conventional sense. Nevertheless, his career, which spanned for a period of five decades, was a period when Shea became a confidant of mayors, governors and corporate chieftains. These ties enabled him to build Shea & Gould, which is New Yorkââ¬â¢s most influential and largest law firm. Shea and Gould clients included the Apple, The Mets and The Yankees among others. For a large part of his career, Shea maneuvered around banquet halls and boardrooms and was only brought to a public role when the New York Mayor enlisted his help to return the league to its glory (Margolick). Shea obtained New Yorkââ¬â¢s baseball franchise via a combination of street smarts, threats, bluffs and charm that he was particularly suited in given his career as a lawyer, and not as a zealous sports fan. Moreover, his credentials may have been ridden with official appointments, encomiums, affiliations and awards but they omitted his important attribute of bringing peopleââ¬â¢s interests together (Margolick). Caliendo(2010, 18) highlights that Shea was a power broker with huge experience and spent 40 years turning sit uations facing bankers, realtors, underwriters corporate heads, cement barons, sports impresarios and politicians into profitable cases. Moreover, Shea was labeled as the unofficial chairperson of the unofficial government, who had spent a significant part of his career laboring quietly in political twilight between the public good and private interest. Shea had survived many regimes at the Shea Stadium from the reign of Casey Stengel to the reign of Bud Harrelson and during the opening days of the leagues, he presented a flowery horseshoe to the manager as Mets. Similarly, he survived many political vicissitudes during his career at the City Hall. He became a close confidant of Mayors John Lindsay, Abraham Beame madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-33238093391405106922019-11-16T11:35:00.001-08:002019-11-16T11:35:13.904-08:00Ultrasonic transducersUltrasonic transducers 1.1 Introduction Transducer is a device which converts energy of one form to that of another. With reference to ultrasonic transducer the ultrasonic energy is to be converted to electrical, mechanical, or other energy form. A reversible transducer transforms energy in both directions with equal efficiencies. The transducers can be classified as follows: 1. Piezoelectric oscillators: Principle of piezoelectric effect is used and this is reversible. The possible frequency range is from 20 kHz to well over 10 GHz. 2. Magnetostrictive oscillators: Employs the phenomenon of magnetostriction, a reversible form of conversion. Can be made to operate at mega-hertz and even gigahertz frequencies. 3. Mechanical transducers: Includes whistles and sirens (mechanical oscillators) and radiometers, and are irreversible. Mainly used for high-power applications. 4. Electromagnetic transducers: Applied for high-intensity applications at low frequencies, in the audible range. They have been used for low-intensity work at frequencies of up to 50 kHz and, also as receivers at megahertz frequencies. 5. Electrostatic transducers: Used as generators at low intensities with an upper frequency limit of a few hundred kilo-hertz. Reversible in conversion and used as receivers at frequencies as high as 100 MHz. 6. Miscellaneous transducers: Includes thermal, chemical, and optical transducers. Ultrasonic receivers are categorized into two 1. Receivers terminating acoustic beams: The cross-section of the receiver embraces the whole or a large proportion of that of the beam and its dimensions extend from several to a large number of wavelengths. The presence of the receiver materially affects the configuration of the acoustic field, to give rise to regular reflections of the beam. 2. Receivers acting as probes: ultrasonic probe receivers are used for mapping out acoustic fields and for measurement of local intensities. the use of probe receivers is restricted to lower frequencies (e.g. in the kilo-hertz range)., as their dimensions need to be small enough, not to upset the characteristics of the field,( to be less than about one-tenth of a wavelength). 1.2 Piezoelectric transducers 1.2.1 General considerations Piezoelectric transducers employ the piezoelectric effect, discovered by the Pierre and Jacques Curie in 1880. The effect occurs naturally in certain single crystals with polar axes, (e.g. quartz, tourmaline, lithium sulphate, cadmium sulphide, and zinc oxide.) When mechanical stress is applied to the surfaces of piezoelectric crystals, coated with silver or gold, equal and opposite electric charges will be induced on them and a voltage will be observed. This is the direct piezoelectric effect, and the crystalline axis perpendicular to the coated faces is the relevant polar axis. When a voltage is applied across the electrodes to produce an electric field, a converse effect is observed, resulting in a mechanical strain. These effects are associated with compressions and shears, in quartz, for example, the principal polar axes are called the X- and Y axes, there is three of each. The X-axes are oriented at angles of 120à ° apart, and with corresponding Y-axis perpendicular to it. The electrodes lie at right angles to an X-axis for X-cut quartz crystals, and are associated with compressions, and Y-cut quartz crystals with shears. The Z-axis, is known as the optic axis and lies perpendicular to the planes containing the X- and Y-axes. Optic is a non-polar axis for which the piezoelectric effect is not observed. A piezoelectric transducer oscillates at the applied frequency with amplitude of the order of 10-6 times its thickness, on applying an alternating voltage across its electrodes,. If, the transducer is excited at one of its resonance frequencies the amplitude is considerably increased, e.g. to about 10-4 times the thickness at the fundamental frequency Artificially induced piezoelectric transducers are of polycrystalline structure. They are made up of large numbers of minute crystallites bonded together, to the required shape and size. The final product is in the form of a ceramic. Prior to polarisation, these ceramic transducers do not require to be cut with reference to any particular axis, as they are isotropic. So it is possible to have a shape in any convenient form by adding small quantities of other materials, the transducers properties can be improved or adjusted. The piezoelectric effect is measured by the d coefficient, which can be expressed in one or two ways. (i) If the crystal is subjected to a mechanical stress, at the same time, the electrodes are short-circuited by a wire, charges induced by the stress will flow through the wire until the potential difference across the crystal is reduced to zero. Considering, q is the value of the total charge flowing and F the force producing the stress, then d coefficient can be given as d=q/f coulombs per Newton 3.1 (ii) When a voltage V is applied across the crystal, on which no load is applied e.g. vacuum, a displacement l is produced due to the resultant strain, then volts per metre 3.2 The electromechanical coupling coefficient is defined as Both d and k vary with temperature and reduce to zero at the Curie temperature Tc. The frequency response of a transducer depends on its Q factor. If the characteristic impedances of transducer and medium are R1 and R2, then Q can be represented as where K is a dimensionless constant. Ceramic transducers have higher d coefficients and electromagnetic coupling coefficients compared to the quartz crystals. But quartz crystals are highly stable. 1.2.2. Coupling of Piezo electric transducers A suitable liquid must be provided to avoid an air gap , for efficient coupling of ultrasound between the transducer and a solid. To generate longitudinal waves at normal temperatures, a film of oil is usually enough, but, at low temperatures a high-vacuum grease is used to prevent loss of continuity of characteristic impedance. While working with high temperatures, a couplant which does not evaporate, should be chosen. .For transverse wave propagation, it is necessary to use adhesive such as epoxy resin, so as to ensure the couplant has enough strength to withstand the application of the shear stresses without collapsing. Canada balsam or even nail varnish , on some occasions will provide good coupling for shear waves, depending on the temperatures. 1.2.3 Ultrahigh frequency (u.h.f.) piezoelectric transducers An early method of generating u.h.f. ultrasonics was to place one end of a single-crystal quartz rod inside an electromagnetic cavity resonator Ci (see Figure ). The surface was excited at the required frequency, and waves were propagated along the rod. Initially the method was applied only for producing ultrasound in single-crystal quartz , due to difficulty of coupling other materials to the free end of the rod. Another electromagnetic cavity resonator C2 at the other end of the rod acted as a receiver. In later stages the free ends of the rod and solid specimen was coated with thin film of indium. 1.2.4 Piezoelectric sandwich transducers To generate waves at the frequencies ranging from 40 kHz down to 20 kHz.frequency, for High-intensity applications ,with a piezoelectric ceramic, the thickness should exceed 100 mm. A ceramic block of this thickness is both expensive and is highly absorbent. Due to this, absorbed acoustical energy being converted into heat, results in a rapid increase of temperature and the Curie temperature is soon reached, with a consequent disappearance of the piezoelectric effect. To avoid this sandwiching of the piezoelectric transducers can be applied. A sandwich transducer consists of a comparatively thin piezoelectric plate located between two thicker metal plates.They have high compressive strengths and by compressing the sandwich permanently using high tensile bolt damage can be prevented. (see Figure 3.7); the transducer is said to be mechanically biased. 1.2.5 Surface wave piezoelectric transducers Surface waves can be generated by using mode conversion with a longitudinal wave transducer as the primary source, but it is also possible to propagate them directly. Surface waves are produced by placing an ordinary longitudinal wave transducer in contact with the edge of the material and inclined at an angle of 45à ° (Fig 3.4) and are received in same fashion. Another method of generating and receiving surface waves is by coating two electrodes on the surface of a piezoelectric material and applying the exciting voltage at the required frequency across them (see Figure 3.5). This technique was used for delay line applications 1.2.6 Operation of piezoelectric transducers A quartz crystal mounted at its nodes, is an ideal one for propagating continuous waves over a narrow frequency band. Electrical connections must be made to the electrodes and additional damping caused by them should be kept minimal. Nodal mounting is not advisable for very thin transducers and where contact with a solid medium has to be maintained. For cases like these, the transducer is held in position by means of a light spring against a solid surface. Then the solid surface provides one electrical contact with the transducer electrode and the other is provided by the spring. To have maximum efficiency, the impedances of the exciting and receiving electrical circuits should be correctly matched to the electrical impedance of the transducer. For pulsed wave operation it is essential that the pulses are kept sufficiently short to prevent their overlapping. No stationary waves are to be produced in the medium. To produce very short pulses and where a narrow frequency band is not needed, transducer material, such as a ceramic is used. The transducer is backed by a block of a material having a very high acoustic absorption coefficient and of sufficiently large electrical conductivity to provide contact with that transducer surface. A mixture of tungsten powder and Aroldite is used for this purpose. A high direct voltage (typically from 300 V to 600 V) of instantaneous duration is applied periodically to the transducer electrodes at the required pulse repetition frequency. At each electrical impulse, the transducer experiences a high initial strain after which it oscillates over about two or three cycles, the amplitude decreasing rapidly.. Thus, for a transducer operating at a frequency of 6 MHz to produce pulses each of thre e wavelengths, the pulse duration is about only 0.5à ¼ for propagation into most metals. The relation between pulse-length (PL) in seconds and the frequency bandwidth can be given as: PL= 1.3/ Frequency Bandwidth 3.4 1.3 Magnetostrictive transducers Magnetostrictive transducers are made of ferromagnetic materials, which can easily be magnetised and displays magnetostriction or the Joule effect. When a bar or rod of one of these materials is placed in a magnetic field, it suffers a change in length, either an increase or decrease, depending on the nature of the material and the strength of the field, immaterial of the sign of strain. Hence, when the direction of magnetic field is reversed, there is no change in the sense of the strain. Figure 3.11 shows the relationship between mechanical strain and the magnitude of the field strength for a few ferromagnetic materials. The graph imples, the variation is not a linear one, in general. Nickel is found to be the most satisfactory material for magnetostrictive transducers, having an electromechanical coupling coefficient of 31 per cent and a Curie temperature of 358à °C. Permendur, an alloy, has a higher Curie point (about 900à °C) and low electromechanical coupling coefficient. Though ferrites (non metals) has an advantage of being poor conductors and not being heated by eddy currents, and exhibit magnetostrictive effect are not often used as transducers due to their poor mechanical properties. There is a converse magnetostrictive effect, in which a mechanical stress applied to a ferromagnetic rod lying in a magnetic field gives rise to a change in the magnetic flux density. This is known as the Villari effect. Magnetostrictive transducers are in the forms of rods surrounded by coil windings (see Figure 3.7). An alternating magnetic field of the same frequency is induced by an alternating current through the coil ; giving rise to longitudinal oscillations of the rod. These oscillations take place at a twice the frequency of the field and take on the form of unsmooth, rectified alternating current, resulting in unwanted frequencies. As in the case of ceramic transducers. This disadvantage is avoided by polarisation, as in ceramic transducers. It is not possible to obtain a high polarising field by permanent magnetisation, and a steady direct field of suitable magnitude is provided by passing a direct current through another coil wound round the transducer. So, the oscillations occur about some other point instead of taking place about the origin of the curve. If the amplitude of the applied alternating field is low for changes to take place along the linear portion of the curve, and, is less than the value of the polarising field, then sinusoidal oscillations occur at the applied frequency. The resonance frequency inversely proportional with the length of the transducer rod. The frequency is increased by decreasing the length, but, simultaneously , there is a intensity is lowered for a rod of given cross-sectional dimensions , which results from the reduction in size of the vibrating mass. So, at frequencies more than 100 kHz ,the output from this type of transducer becomes vanishingly small. The considerable leakage of magnetic flux is observed , which is a disadvantage of using rod-shaped oscillators . Transducers designed to form closed magnetic circuits are used for high-intensity applications The window-type transducer is clamped nodally, and the vibrations produced are longitudinal. In ring-type transducer, vibrations are in a radial manner, and hence ultrasonic energy is focused at the centre resulting in high acoustic intensity. Absorption of ultrasound by induction of Eddy currents and Hystersis results in increased amount of eating. Though there are a number of ferromagnetic materials with low hysteresis losses, their magnetostrictive properties are poor. The losses due to eddy current can be reduced by using laminated stacks consisting of alternating sheets of the metal and of some insulating material such as mica. Since the rise in temperature may result in loss of magnetostrictive properties, it is necessary to cool the transducer during its operation. By using velocity transformer, an increased intensity, distributed over a smaller area, can also be obtained with both rod and window types of transducers. This consists of a tapered coupling rod and provides an increase in the value of the particle velocity at the end remote from the transducer. For maximum efficiency, the transformer is designed to resonate by making it one wavelength long and supporting it at a nodal point, i.e. at a distance of a quarter-wavelength from the transducer. The diagram illustrates the application of the velocity transformer to the construction of the ultrasonic drill Magnetostrictive oscillators being reversible can be used as receivers. An example of a magnetostrictive probe receiver consists of a nickel rod held vertically in a fluid in which ultrasound is radiated in an upward direction. The rod is contained in a plastic tube so that only the free end is exposed to the waves which are then transmitted along its length. A current is induced by the Villari effect in the pick-up coil placed near the upper end of the rod. Another coil carrying a direct current provides the polarising field. The formation of stationary waves is prevented by placing an absorbent material at the top of the rod. Nickel film transducers are used for producing and receiving ultrasound of very high frequencies ranging from 100 MHz to 100 GHz in solids. A thin film of nickel, of thickness corresponding to one half-wavelength at the resonant frequency, is deposited on the end-surface of the specimen into which sound is to be passed. The rod is located with its plated end inside a microwave electromagnetic cavity resonator, excited at the required frequency. The receiver may consist of a similar film coated on the opposite surface of the specimen and also located in a cavity resonator. Instead a single nickel film can act as both source and receiver, using reflection method. No coupling material is required and no special technique is necessary for coating the nickel film. 1.4. Mechanical Transducers Mechanical ultrasonic generators are used for high-intensity propagation in liquids and gases at frequencies of up to about 25 kHz .They exist mainly in the forms of whistles and sirens. They are powerful and less expensive than piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers, but with limited scope of applications. Ultrasonic whistles are of two types, the cavity resonator, used mainly for gases, and the wedge resonator, employed for both gases and liquids. . 1.4.1. Cavity Resonators Galton whistle (see Figure 3.12) consists of a cylinder terminated by the end-surface of a piston which can be adjusted to provide resonance at the required frequency The fluid, flows through an annular slit at high speed and strikes the rim of the tube where vortices appear and produce edge-tones. The frequency of the edge-tones depends on the velocity of the fluid which can be adjusted until the cavity resonates. For air, at a frequency of 20 kHz, fundamental resonance takes place for a cavity length of approximately 4 mm. The second type of cavity resonator is the Hartmann generator, similar in design to the Galton whistle, except that the annular slit is replaced by a conical nozzle (see Figure 3.13). The fluid is forced through the nozzle and emerges at a supersonic velocity to produce shock waves, which cause the cavity to be excited at a high intensity. Resonance is achieved by adjusting the fluid velocity. 1.4.2. Wedge Resonator The wedge resonator consists of a rectangular plate with wedge-shaped edges, mounted on nodal supports and placed in a fluid jet stream.(Figure 3.14). The wedge is set up into flexural vibrations having an intensity comparable with that attained by the Hartmann generator. Operating frequencies are of the order of 20 kHz. Sirens also are used for generating high-energy ultrasound in fluids. The siren consists of a rotor disc with a number of identical holes spaced evenly around the circumference of a circle slightly smaller than the disc. The rotor turns concentrically in front of a similar disc (the stator), which is kept at rest whilst fluid jets are directed through the holes. The frequency of the emitted ultrasound is equal to the frequency of interruption of the jet flow, as the holes move relatively to one another, and is calculated as the product of the number of holes in the rotor and the speed of revolution. The tone emitted by the siren is not a pure one but this is unimportant for the applications for which it is used. One advantage of this instrument is that by altering the speed of rotation the frequency can be varied in a continuous manner. The use of mechanical receivers has been restricted to measurements of intensities in liquids and gases. The two principal types of mechanical receivers are the Rayleigh disc and the radiometer. The Rayleigh disc consists of a thin circular disc suspended vertically in the ultrasonic field by means of a torsion fibre. Initially the disc is positioned, with its plane surfaces parallel with the direction of propagation. In the presence of ultrasound, the sound waves exert a couple on the disc, which rotates until brought to rest in a steady position as a result of an opposing couple exerted by the suspension. The angle of rotation required to reach the state of equilibrium depends on the the acoustic intensity. A radiometer is a device which measures directly the pressure of radiation, a quantity which is proportional to the acoustic intensity. The simplest form of radiometer is a tiny solid sphere suspended in the sound field. It is deflected horizontally in the direction of propagation when the ultrasound is present. The device is calibrated by subjecting it to known fluid pressures and then measuring the resulting displacements. The torsion balance radiometer is designed for waves travelling in a horizontal direction and the common balance type for vertically directed waves(Fig 3.15 a and Fig 3.15b) 1.5 Electromagentic Transducers A lightweight electromagnetic transducers have been used for low-intensity ultrasonic measurements in poorly conducting solids and liquids. But the method requires constant application of a steady magnetic field m which is a major disadvantage 1.5.1. Giacominis method: A bar of poorly conducting solid is coated with a thin conducting strip of negligible mass over opposite halves of the upper and lower surfaces and the end-face. It is supported horizontally at the nodal positions by electrically conducting wires, and the coated end is subjected to a horizontal magnetic field at right angles to the axis. When an alternating current is passed through the conducting strip, the bar vibrates longitudinally, in accordance with Flemings left-hand rule of electromagnetism. Because electromagnetic transducers are reversible, vibrations in the bar are picked up by the conducting strip which, in the presence of a steady magnetic field, will have induced in it an alternating e.m.f. in accordance with Flemings right-hand rule of electromagnetism. This e.m.f. is related to the acoustic intensity. Thus the device can be used as both a transmitter and a receiver of ultrasound. 1.5.2. Filipczynskis Method: An aluminium film in the form of a continuous and winding narrow strip is evaporated on to a perspex block to provide a coil of negligible mass. The block is then immersed in the liquid and located inside a gap between the pole-pieces of a permanent magnet which supplies a steady magnetic field of high intensity. Ultrasonic waves pass from the liquid into the block, giving rise to oscillations of the aluminium coil which induce in it an e.m.f. related to the intensity in the block. 1.6 Electrostatic transducers An electrostatic transducer consists essentially of two parallel plates of a conducting material placed close to one another to form an electrical capacitor. One plate is fixed and the other is free to vibrate in a direction at right angles to the surface of the plates. A high resistance is placed in series with the capacitor and steady charges on the plates maintained by a direct potential difference of several hundred volts (Fig 3.18). For operation as a transmitter, a signal at the desired frequency, is fed to the plates , output voltage of amplitude not exceeding the direct potential difference. The periodic variation of the charges induces vibrations of the movable plate. For use as a receiver, the movable plate is placed in position to receive the sound waves and its consequent vibrations give rise to periodic variations of the electrical capacitance of the transducer, producing an alternating current which flows through the high resistance; the resulting alternating voltage proportional the intensity of the received sound. The electrostatic transducer in the form of the condenser microphone has long been used at audible frequencies. Diaphragm being light , inertial effects are negligible and the sensitivity remains constant over a wide frequency range. It can be used for gases and liquids as both a receiver and a transmitter at frequencies of up to about 300 kHz. 1.7 Miscellaneous Transducer Other methods of generating and receiving ultrasound involve the uses of thermal, chemical, and optical devices. The chemical changes observed in materials irradiated with ultrasound, is used as a means of detection. It is also possible to generate ultrasonic waves in a transparent medium by the crossing of two laser beams originating from a common source. There are a number of applications which make use of thermal transducers. One thermal type of transmitter is the spark-gap generator, which radiates ultrasound as a result of periodic temperature changes taking place when a high alternating voltage of a given frequency is discharged across a gap in a circuit. The hot-wire microphone, is a receiving thermal transducer,consisting of a thin wire, made from platinum and heated to just below redness. When sound waves strike the wire, it cools down by an amount directly dependent on the intensity. This is indicated by a decrease in its electrical resistance. The hot-wire microphone has been used successfully for gases at frequencies of up to 600 kHz. Ultrasonic intensities can also be measured from the rise in temperature within the beam, as shown in Figure 3.19. The heat produced by the ultrasound is absorbed by the liquid in the thermally insulated flask. Expansion of the liquid results in a rise in the level of the liquid in the graduated capillary tube, calibrated by supplying a measured amount of heat from the heating coil. The waves transmitted through the liquid are finally absorbed by the glass wool placed at the end of the vessel. Acoustic powers of from 50 mW to 30 W can be measured to an accuracy of better than 10 per cent with this device. madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-853939930414475682.post-69788171035451023002019-11-14T00:06:00.001-08:002019-11-14T00:06:04.735-08:00The Abolition of Man by C.S. Lewis Essays -- Lewis Abolition of Man EsThe Abolition of Man by C.S. Lewis à à à à à à The Abolition of Man is perhaps the best defense of natural law to be à à à à à published in the twentieth century. The book is outstanding not because à à à à à its ideas are original, but because it presents so clearly the common à à à à à sense of the subject, brilliantly encapsulating the Western natural law à à à à à tradition in all its Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian glory. Interestingly, à à à à à Lewis' defense of objective morality here resonates not only with ideas à à à à à from the giants of Western thought (including Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, à à à à à and Aquinas), but also draws on the wisdom of the East, including Confucius and the sages of Hinduism. à à à à à à In "The Abolition of Man" C.S. Lewis developed three lectures entitled à à à à à "Men without Chests'', "The Way", and "The Abolition of Man". In them he à à à à à set out to attack and confute what he saw as the errors of his age.à He à à à à à started by quoting some fashionable lunacy from an educationalists' à à à à à textbook, from which he developed a general attack on moral subjectivism. à à à à à In his second lecture he argued against various contemporary isms, which à à à à à purported to replace traditional objective morality. His final lecture, à à à à à "The Abolition of Man", which also provided the title of the book à à à à à published the following year, was a sustained attack on hard-line à à à à à scientific anti-humanism. à à à à à à The first essay, "Men without Chests," indicted the modern attempt to à à à à à debunk objective virtues and sentiments. According to Lewis, traditional à à à à à moral theorists believed that virtues such as ... ...world, by à à à à à the dictates of conscience and by the constituted order of things in à à à à à nature. That is why, all that being so, "we have cause to be uneasy", à à à à à because faced with this Law (Tao) of God, with Absolute Goodness, and à à à à à demands therein, we see we that we have "all sinned and come short of the à à à à à glory of God" (Romans 3:23). à à à à à à When we take some time to ponder the meanings of The Abolition of Man and à à à à à its writings, we see that Lewis' essays were not new ideas at all.à In the à à à à à contrary, they were reminders of what man has intrinsically known since à à à à à the beginning of time.à As Samuel Johnson once said, 'Man is in need more à à à à à frequently of being reminded than informed.' Works Cited: Lewis, C. S. The Abolition of Man. Ontario: The MacMillan Company, 1947. madelinepo83http://www.blogger.com/profile/06872806920791975608noreply@blogger.com0